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DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
lacerated and disorganized tissue under aseptic precautions, and 
bringing the edges of the thus formed aseptic wound in apposi¬ 
tion in order to encourage primary union if possible. 
Considerable attention should be given to drainage ; primary 
dressings should be applied so that free openings will afford an 
outlet for the wound discharges and at the same time exclude 
all pathogenic organisms from it. 
ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS. 
The operations that should be given a consideration in 
abdominal surgery of domestic animals may be divided into 
primary and secondary. The primary being those that are 
performed in order to enable the operator to give surgical atten¬ 
tion to some part of the animal economy to which he cannot 
have access otherwise ; e. g., tapping of the intestine or stomach 
cannot be accomplished without passing through the peritoneal 
cavity ; a resection or anastomosis of the intestine without open¬ 
ing the abdomen ( celiotomy ) ; herniotomia externa or interna 
without incising the hernia ( herniotomy ). 
A secondary operation is one that requires some surgical 
interference before it can be undertaken. The importance of 
each of these abdominal operations will be considered according 
FIG. II. 
ABDOMINAL INCISIONS. 
A, rectangular cutaneous incision ; a\ inferior angle of incision ; b , muscular incision ; c, skin, 
subcutaneous tissue and panniculus carnosis ; d, abdominal muscles. 
B, rectangular incision when sutured; a , opening for drainage. 
C, triangular incision; a', inferior angle of incision ; b, muscular incision ; c , skin, subcutaneous 
’ and panniculus carnosis folded back ; d, abdominal muscles. 
Z>, triangular incision, sutured ; a, opening for drainage ; b' , cutaneous incision. 
