418 
R. C. MOORE. 
mony, well and good ; but if there is apparent conflict, the in¬ 
terests of the public are usually sacrificed. 
As veterinarians we must therefore become practical politi¬ 
cians and lobbyists; must be known as local writers for the sec¬ 
ular press, and as speakers on all suitable occasions. We must 
cooperate with mind, money and motive, and above all and in¬ 
cluding all these must be imbued with professional esprit du 
corps , and actuated by altruistic motives. 
DEFECTIVE EYELIDS. 
By R. C. Moore, D. V. S., Kansas City, Mo. 
A Paper read before the Missouri Valley Veterinary Medical Association, June 25, 1900. 
In the present discussion of this subject I desire to confine 
myself to three conditions that are most generally congenital, 
namely, ectropion, entropion, and blepharostenosis. Bctro- 
pion signifies an everted eyelid, either from an insufficiency of 
the skin of the lid, a destruction or shrinking of the same from 
injuries, an over-development of the mucous membrane, or 
insufficiency of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle, either of 
which causes a displacement of the eyelid, turning its conjunc- 
ti\ al suiface outward, with, if it be the lower lid, a downward 
displacement of the ciliary margin, or an upward displacement 
of the same if it be an upper one. The eye thus being deprived 
of its natural protection, is liable to chronic conjunctivitis with 
all its accompanying evils; ectropion is rare in equines and 
bovines, but common in the canines ; especially is this so in the 
Saint Bernard and English bloodhound. 
This condition is almost entirely confined to the lower lid, 
and its treatment depends largely on the cause. If it be from 
over-development of the conjunctival membrane, an elliptical 
piece of this should be removed in the following manner: The 
animal being placed under the influence of an anaesthetic, the 
eyelid is everted, and a portion of the membrane grasped with 
a pair of forceps and excised. The piece must be elliptical in 
