DEFECTIVE EYELIDS. 
419 
shape, and in size to correspond to the over-deveffipment of the 
membrane. The outer incision must be parallel with the cili¬ 
ary margin, and sufficiently far from it to allow room for sutur¬ 
ing. The angles made by the counter incisions which is carried 
back of the forceps should be near the inner and outer canthus. 
The incisions should be made straight through the membrane 
at a right angle to its surface so the edges will come together 
evenly. After the piece is dissected, the edges of the membrane 
are to be brought together by sutures of a light, soft material 
placed so the knot will be as near as possible to the ciliary mar¬ 
gin, where it will produce the least possible irritation to the 
eye, and left to heal by first intention, which should be assisted 
by mild non-irritating antiseptic dressings. The sutures should 
be removed about the fourth day. 
If the lesion be simply tumefaction of the conjunctival 
membrane, it may be pencilled with nitrate of silver, by drawing 
the caustic from the inner to the outer canthus, just inside the 
ciliary membrane, wiping off the excess caustic with cotton, 
and protecting the parts by the application of a little bland oil. 
The operation mentioned for over-developed membrane will 
be indicated if it be due to paralysis of the muscle. If due to 
insufficiency of the skin, it may be remedied by making a V 
shaped incision with the base near the edge of the lid, and the 
lid held in position by suturing the two lids together until the 
space between the edges of the incision is filled up by new 
tissue. 
Entropion is the opposite of ectropion. The lid is inverted 
so as to bring the eyelashes in contact with the sensitive struc¬ 
tures of the eye causing traumatic conjunctivitis, with suppura¬ 
tion, granulation, adhesion, and finally loss of sight. This con¬ 
dition is very much more common than ectropion. It is found 
in all our domestic animals, but most common in the dog, in 
which animal there appears to be more or less of an excess of 
skin. I am of the opinion that it is much more prevalent than 
most practitioners are wont to believe. The irritation and con¬ 
sequent pain causes the sufferer to keep the eye closed, which 
