516 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
It prevails in the endemic state in the north of the Argentine 
Republic, killing animals by the thousands and inflicting losses 
that are counted by millions of dollars. It is principally after 
long warm seasons that it appears, assuming two forms_one 
benignant, the other severe. This last affects adults in prefer¬ 
ence, and is characterized by dullness, fever and hemoglobi¬ 
nuria. Death ordinarily takes place in two to eight days ; few 
animals recover. The benignant form, more special to youno 
animals, may pass overlooked. 
At the post-mortem, the lesions found are : great hyper¬ 
trophy of the spleen, which is hard and friable; the liver is 
congested when death takes place rapidly ; it is yellow and 
easily torn if the disease progresses slowly. The kidneys are 
congested, almost black, or again pale and soft if death is 
slow. The blood is clear, pale in color and coagulates well. 
The destruction of the blood corpuscles is very remarkable ; 
from 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 in cubic millimetre (normal num¬ 
ber) . they drop to 1,800,000 or even to 300,000. Hemo¬ 
globinuria is due to this rapid destruction of the corpuscles. 
The disease is very fatal. The author records an observa¬ 
tion of a herd of 1000 cows and 450 calves, in which 630 
adults and 10 young only died. 
Smith and Rilborne have shown that Texas fever was due 
to an endoglobular parasite, the piroplasma bigeminum. Mr. 
Dignieres shows that tristeza is due to the same parasite, what¬ 
ever form it may assume. One single corpuscle may contain 
one, two, three, or even four piriform or rounded agents. In 
some cases 30 % of the red corpucles are infected ; in others, it is 
difficult to detect the parasite. Along side infected corpucles, 
giant hematics can be seen containing fine and numerous granu¬ 
lations ; these are not of parasitic nature. On the contrary, 
they are a sure sign of the victory of the diseased organism 
over the parasite of malaria. 
Prof. Rignieres has succeeded in detecting the mode of de¬ 
velopment of the piroplasma, in the blood and in the cultures 
which he has obtained with infected blood in hsemoglobinemic 
serum. The parasite gives two species of spores : one active , 
which forms very rapidly, and goes to fix itself on sound corpus¬ 
cles, and produce a new parasite ; this spore loses rapidly its 
properties outside the organism; the other, passive, which de¬ 
velops slowly by complete retraction of the protoplasm of the 
parasite ; this is the true resisting form, but is powerless to pro¬ 
duce infection without the help of a promoting cause. 
