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DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
i. Pelvic Malformations. — Pathological conditions 
which interfere with the removal of the foetus may be located 
in the soft structures of the pelvic region, or in the bones that 
form its skeleton (Fig. 21); besides, parturition may be ren¬ 
dered impossible by congenital deformities. The conditions 
that can be classed under malformations may be mentioned^as 
follows, viz. : 
A. Tumors of the soft structures of the pelvis. 
B. Pelvic osteophytes. 
C. Pelvic constrictions. 
D. Fractures of the pelvis. 
E. Pelvic deformities. 
(A) Tumors of Soft Structures of the Pelvic Region 
may be sarcomatous, cancerous or melanotic ; the melanotic are 
generally found in old gray mares and when located around the 
rectum, vulva or vagina, or in the connective tissue surround¬ 
ing the pelvic canal, they reduce the size of the opening 
through which the foetus is removed and in some instances en¬ 
tirely obstruct the passage to the uterus. Tumors are often 
