. 
DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
695 
causing menopause, while the ovaries may or may not be diseased. 
The structure and function of the ovary is well known. But 
a slight reference to its covering may not be out of place, as it 
can be recognized by this. Though the investing membrane it 
derived from the peritoneum its structure is materially differene. 
First, in place of the endothelial cells of the peritoneum, we 
find a single layer of columnar cells. This is known as the 
germinal epithelium of Waldyer, and it is to this membrans 
that we attribute the dull grey color of the ovary. 
The exact location of the ovarv in the dog I have never seen 
described, and I know of no authority who has given an opinion 
as to what he. regarded as the normal position. Among the 
bitches, wherein I have had opportunity for observation, I have 
never found the uteius lying symmetrically in the middle of the 
pelvis, but always to one or the other sides, most often on the 
right, and I find that the positions of the ovaries are varied di¬ 
rectly proportional to the deviation of the uterus, in which case 
the left ovary is pulled upon by the uterus, and lies obliquely, 
the.ovary on the opposite side lying with its long axis in a 
horizontal position. The Fallopian tubes pass over the ovaries 
in each case, and turning upon themselves enter on the anter¬ 
ior face. 
In addition to this anatomical reference, it appears to me 
that many practitioners could spend many interesting and prof¬ 
itable hours in the study of canine anatomy, for with each suc¬ 
ceeding year the dog is becoming more popular, and his place 
in the home, and one might almost say family, warrants a con¬ 
siderable expenditure on the part of his owner. His treatment 
naturally falls to the veterinarian, and unfortunately, he con¬ 
fines his efforts to the herbivora, and little thought is given the 
dog. The treatment and surgery of the dog is a special study, and 
the sooner it is recognized by the profession, the better it will be. 
Causes of Death Following the Opevation .—The most com¬ 
mon causes of death, in their relative importance, are haemorrha¬ 
ges, peritonitis, either septic or traumatic, shock and exhaustion. 
And to prevent these should be the operator’s first aim. And, 
in. addition to this it might be well to add, that success grows 
with each case, and by operative skill, cleanliness, and strict 
antiseptic piecautions, the fatality has been reduced to an aver- 
a.ge less than that of any other equally severe surgical opera¬ 
tion, which is worthy of note, when we consider the size of the 
wound, the importance of the involved parts, and the delicacy 
af the exposed structures. 
