726 
ED. NOCARD. 
ventive clavelization is not allowed in France ; on the contrary, 
it is prescribed for all flocks when the disease has made its ap¬ 
pearance, because the severity of the disease and the duration 
of the sanitary measures imposed by law are reduced. 
But ^there are countries where variola is very mild, where 
affected sheep remain with all the appearance of health. Such 
is the case in Algiers. It is then indicated to apply preventive 
clavelization upon all sheep for exportation; that alone will 
give the importing countries security, and it is without any 
danger for vaccinated sheep, there being absolutely no losses 
caused by the operation, therefore the owners of animals have 
every reason to have their stock vaccinated. 
Herbivorous animals bitten by mad dogs die in great num¬ 
bers. I have seen 27 cows succumb to the disease out of a herd 
of 30, which had been bitten by a rabid dog—the owner was 
ruined. 
The appearance of rabies can be prevented by injecting the 
rabid virus, as it is furnished by the mad animal, into the veins 
of the bitten patient. This will succeed even several days after 
being bitten. The operation does not succeed in carnivorous 
animals. But in herbivorous (sheep, goats, cattle, and even 
horses) immunity is obtained after several injections. 
Foot-cind-Mouth Disease gives a certain amount of immunity 
to animals which have recovered from a first attack. But its 
duration varies very much. This, with the excessive conta¬ 
giousness of the disease, makes it so dangerous and does not per¬ 
mit of an efficacious prophylaxy. Nevertheless, when foot-and- 
mouth disease appears in an establishment where there is no 
chance to limit the spread of the disease, it is indicated to have 
all the animals take it; the disease is thus made less serious, 
its duration is shorter ; it is an economy of time and of money. 
The infection is produced by rubbing on the tongue of the 
healthy animal a piece of cloth which has been passed over the 
tongue of a sick animal. 
One of the first applications of this method is of Belgian 
origin. It is due to Dr. Willems, of Hassell. In I848, when 
