760 
DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY. 
noticed a condition in a cryptorchid hog that had the appear¬ 
ance of being tubercular, but the inspection was not carefully 
made and could not verify that our conclusion was correct. 
2. Orchidoncus .—Tumors located in the testicle may be 
carcinomatous or sarcomatous, and to distinguish between them 
is generally impossible without a microscopic examination. 
Fibroma are sometimes found in intra-abdominal testes. 
3. Varicocele. —This is a condition frequently found in crypt- 
orchids, but is not confined to this class of males. 
4. CEdema is a condition that is often found in intra-ab¬ 
dominal testicles. When in this condition they are generally 
enlarged and add much to the difficulty in removing them 
through the inguinal canal. 
5. Hydrocele is a condition that occurs occasionally in ex¬ 
tra-abdominal cryptorchids, and generally causes no inconven¬ 
ience in castration. 
6. Cysts are frequently found involving the whole or part of 
the testicle. When located in the body of the testicle it may 
replace the greater part of the parenchyma. Some of them are 
filled with a clear fluid, while others contain a gelatinous con¬ 
nective tissue. This condition is generally found in intra-ab¬ 
dominal cryptorchids and greatly interferes with castration. 
Surgical Anatomy of the Inguinal Region of Solipeds .— 
The inguinal canal includes the space on each side of a raphe ex¬ 
tending from the perineum to the umbilical region ; superfici¬ 
ally it presents the scrotum and sheath ; the prepubian tendon, 
which is from 8 to 10 cm. wide, extends forward from the brim 
of the pubis, and forms the internal boundary of the external 
inguinal ring ; an aponeurotic portion of the tendon extending 
to the femoral fascia forms the antero-external boundary of the 
ring ; and Poupart’s ligament forms the posterior boundary. 
The external inguinal rings, which are on each side of the me¬ 
dian line, can easily be located by manipulation. The inguinal 
canal extends upward and outward from the external inguinal 
ring, along the anterior face of Poupart’s ligament, to the in¬ 
ternal inguinal ring. The length of the canal varies from 15 
to 25 cm. In a small horse it is about 15 cm. long; in a me¬ 
dium sized horse, about 20 ; and in a large one it is about 25 
cm. The arteries to be avoided are the external pudic, and the 
subcutaneous abdominal, which is a branch of the external 
pudic and is located along the sheath. 
Preparatory Treatment. —To properly prepare the patient 
for the operation the alimentary canal should be emptied by the 
