812 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
able as the swelling or color. Usually there is well marked 
heat, which may be very intense in acute cases, but frequently 
absent in chronic attacks and in the “contagious mammitis” 
or “ gelber gait.” 
The advent of gangrene, if the skin be involved, is indicated 
by coldness, usually accompanied by moisture of the parts and 
detachment of the cuticle upon touch, but if the gangrene is 
confined to the deeper parts of the gland the skin may not re¬ 
veal its presence in this way, though usually the teat of the af¬ 
fected gland gives early indication of the processes taking place 
within. 
Pain in the affected gland varies and is differently expressed. 
Usually the animal resists milking or the nursing of the young, 
by moving or kicking, hesitates in severe cases to lie down, 
and walks as if lame in the leg on the affected side, or with a 
straddling gait, when both sides are affected. 
The constitutional symptoms offer even greater variations 
than the local changes and consist essentially of the symptoms 
of wound infection. Constitutional symptoms are frequently 
absent, notwithstanding grave local disturbances, even to the 
formation of abscesses and gangrene. They include changes of 
body temperature, including fever or elevation and subnormal 
temperature in coma or collapse, and changes in the circula¬ 
tion, usually a marked increase in rapidity of the heart beat 
with either increase or diminution in the fullness of the pulse, 
while respiration behaves in rather close conformity with circu¬ 
lation. The digestive system suffers early and severely. In 
ruminants the muzzle tends to become dry and hot, and rumi¬ 
nation ceases. The appetite is depressed, bowels torpid and 
constipated, or diarrhoea is present. Metastatic inflammations 
occur in various joints. Paralysis as a result of toxaemia is oc¬ 
casionally observed in the cow. * 
The course may be acute or chronic. I have observed death 
in ten to twelve hours, while many cases drag through weeks 
or months. Usually it extends over a period of 5 to 15 days. 
The prognosis is grave. The so-called recovery or resolu- ^ 
