818 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
lateral to (outside) the teat, and follow this by a second similar 
incision, beginning and ending at the same points, but passing 
on the median side of the teat, thus isolating it in the centre of 
an ellipse the extent of which should vary with the size of the 
gland. The skin is then detached with the fingers or a blunt 
instrument toward the median raphe and upwards toward the 
thigh. Bleeding vessels are seized with compression forceps, 
cauterized or ligated. The only vessels demanding ligation are 
the subcutaneous abdominal vein and the small artery accom¬ 
panying it in front, and the chief vessels of the gland, the ex¬ 
ternal pudic arteries and veins emerging from the inguinal 
ring ; the others can be controlled by cautery or temporary 
compression. 
After the skin is well detached, the capsule of the gland 
(dartos) is cut through along the median raphe, and on the ex¬ 
ternal side between the superior surface of the gland and the 
abdominal walls, and the detachment of the gland continued by 
tearing through the loose connective tissue until finally the 
gland has but one attachment, the bundle of inguinal vessels 
composed of pudic artery and vein, with nerves and lymphatics. 
These are long and extensible and should be ligated en viasse 
high up against the ring and then cut through as low as pos¬ 
sible, leaving a long stump from which the ligature will not 
slip. After severing the vessels and removing the gland a sep¬ 
arate ligation of the pudic artery is a wise precaution as severe 
after haemorrhage sometimes occurs. The ecraseur is not to be 
trusted as a haemostatic for the pudic vessels. If both halves 
are gangrenous, remove the second half in the same manner. 
The wound should be closed as well as admissible with sutures, 
and drainage provided by drainage tubing or antiseptic gauze 
or packing, followed by ordinary treatment for wounds. We 
should bear in mind that amputation of the udder is by no 
means so serious as would be thought at first glance. Encap- 
suled within the aponeurotic sac derived from the abdominal 
tunic the gland has little intimate connection with adjacent tis¬ 
sues, so that in amputation but little violence is done to impor- 
