DISEASES OF ANIMALS TRANSMISSIBLE TO MAN. 
177 
from the nostrils (latent glanders). The bacillus is contained in 
the discharge and man may become infected by the discharge 
coming in contact with abrasions on the skin or by handling 
articles which may have come in contact with the diseased 
animal and thus become infected, articles such as harness, 
blankets, mangers, drinking troughs, etc. The discharge, which 
is constantly secreted and often in large quantities, acts as a per¬ 
petual source of contagion, not only while in the fluid state, but 
also when dry it retains its virulence for a long time. Persons 
who handle glanderous animals or in any way come in contact 
with them are liable to contract the disease. To diagnosticate 
glanders when the clinical symptoms are not sufficiently devel¬ 
oped use mallein, which is an extract of the pure culture of the 
bacilli of glanders in the same way and by the same methods as 
those used when applying the tuberculin test or by the methods 
of staining or inoculation mentioned in regard to tuberculosis. 
All glandered horses ought to be destroyed and their carcasses 
burned. 
Anthrax is a contagious febrile disease produced by the en¬ 
trance of the anthracis bacillus into the system. It affects all 
domesticated animals and most wild animals and is readily trans¬ 
mitted to man. In 1617 this disease was prevalent in the bovine 
species in Europe and killed 60,000 people. 
Anthrax is a miasmatic disease. It exists in certain locali¬ 
ties and breaks out at certain periods each year. The animals 
most commonly affected are cattle, sheep and pigs. It takes 
three forms : the hyper-acute, acute, and sub-acute. It is the 
hyper-acute and the acute forms that generally affect cattle and 
sheep, and the sub-acute form affects man, pigs and dogs. In 
the hyper-acute form death occurs quickly, generally within an 
hour; in the acute about thirty-six hours ; in the sub-acute 
death occurs in about six days. There is intense fever, anor¬ 
exia, formation of a characteristic tumor, exit of blood from all 
the natural openings, and after death a rapid decomposition of 
the cadaver. All the tissues are full of the bacilli, as are the 
excretions and secretions. In man anthrax takes the sub-acute 
