874 
W. L. WILLIAMS. 
of management as suggested above, the moment of complete 
ansesthesia shuts out forever all pain and suffering and though 
theoretically he continues to live for a time, from the stand¬ 
point of humanity he has ceased to exist. While the subject is 
free from all pain the student acquires experience which enables 
him to effectively relieve suffering and disability in other ani¬ 
mals, and has acquired his education without the infliction of 
pain. 
For such a course a regular curriculum can and should be 
arranged, and should preferably be made progressive, the stu¬ 
dent advancing step by step from the simpler to the more com¬ 
plex operations. Any operation which can be carried out upon 
the cadaver with equal value to the student should be excluded 
from the list. 
Complete ansesthesia should be secured and maintained for 
all painful operations, and if recovery of sensibility would in¬ 
volve material pain as a consequence of the operation the sub¬ 
ject should be destroyed without regaining consciousness. Such 
a method should, and we believe would commend the approval of 
humane and antivivisection societies generally, though, of course, 
not satisfying some of the more radical individuals. Certainly 
it is more humane than the bungling which falls little short of 
butchery, indulged in by ineffectively educated veterinarians in 
the earlier years of practice. 
The second objection applies only in part, Neurectomy is 
practically the same from an operative standpoint on a sound 
or unsound member, the operation being generally performed 
upon a part distant from the lesion it is intended to influence. 
In other cases the objection is serious, as for instance, cunean 
tenotomy for the cure of spavin is quite different in the healthy 
and diseased hock. 
The third objection is constant and serious. It is difficult to 
awaken the required enthusiasm in the student over what he 
may term a “ play ” operation, and the acquiring of carelessness 
in technique, procedure or form in such a practice operation is 
strongly prone to unfavorably influence his later work as a sur- 
