PNEUMONIA IN THE HORSE. 
245 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF PNEUMONIA IN 
THE HORSE.—LIGNIERE’S OBSERVATIONS. 
Translated by Adolph Eichorn, Assistant House Surgeon, Hos¬ 
pital Department of American Veterinary College. 
Read before the June Meeting of the Veterinary Medical Association of New York 
County. 
Tigniere maintained for a long time that the bacteria of 
Schutz and the streptococcus of strangles were identical. So 
that clinically it is impossible to identify infectious pneumonia 
from strangles. The first often affects horses which.have been 
cured from strangles, but pneumonia in most instances secures 
immunity to strangles. „ In other cases Ligniere noticed the ab¬ 
sence of the bacteria of Schutz in complete hepatised lungs in 
horses which had died from a typical epizootic pneumonia. 
This caused a suspicion of the existence of an unknown mi¬ 
crobe, giving rise to different pneumonias, where the bacteria 
°f Schutz is absent. After many difficult trials to isolate them, 
Ligniere found the microbe of influenza. He found it in 
pleuntis, pleuro- pneumonia, infectious pneumonia, influenza, 
glandular pneumonia, broncho-pneumonia, etc. This may ex¬ 
plain the fact that there are cases of pneumonia which for a 
short while show all the symptoms of influenza, without com¬ 
plications. 
It was necessary, therefore, to produce by experiment the 
typical symptoms of pneumonia. Intrapulmonic or thoracic 
injections would not give any results, as in this way numerous 
other microbes could produce pleuro-pneumonia. The task, 
therefore, is not so easy, as the course of different pneumonias 
is not the same in every case. He soon succeeded in producing 
a nicely hepatised lung, in the rabbit, by an injection in the 
muscles of the thigh. A subcutaneous injection in the horse 
produces a characteristic pleurisy ; for the appearance of pneu¬ 
monia other circumstances are necessary, which shall be studied 
