PNEUMONIA IN THE HORSE. 
247 
contagious character. A prophylactic injection of a weakened 
culture of Eigniere s kokko bacilli would protect the animals 
not only from influenza, but also from the different forms of 
pneumonia, The sick animals would have to receive an anti-* 
typhoid and at the same time an efficacious serum against the 
streptococci. 
The appearance of single cases of pneumonia is due to 
kokko bacilli, but whether there are other causes of pneumonia 
is questionable but not excluded. In the meanwhile Iyigniere 
had the opportunity to observe influenza in Buenos Ayres, Ar¬ 
gentine, and in the Pampas. His inoculation experiments up 
to that time had labored under the disadvantage of a lack of 
young horses for his purposes, but here there were enough at 
his disposal and he succeeded in producing all the natural 
types of typhoid fever of the horse. The gastro-intestinal form 
through an intravenal inoculation of c.c. culture, succeeded 
m producing pleurisy, pericarditis, nervous affections, ophthal¬ 
mia, icterus and pneumonia. From natural diseases he could 
make a subcutaneous injection of several c.c. of blood of the 
sick or dead horse with impunity. One must have a clear idea, 
as Iyigniere says, that the Schutz’s ovoid bacteria is a strepto¬ 
coccus, which had been seen in 1874 by Friedberger, then by 
Dieckerhoff, Mendelsohn, Perroncito, Brazzola and Eustig; bet¬ 
ter observed by Delamotte, Chantemesse, Violet and Gal tier. 
The last authorities have described the Schutz microbe in its 
true aspect, without, however, identifying it with that of the 
German observer and call the Schutz’s infectious pneumonia 
‘ ‘ pneumo-enterite fes four rages .” 
Every form of pneumonia is of typhoid origin—or, better 
stated, they are u pasteurellas.” But how shall we explain the 
clinical differences which have been justly observed and differ¬ 
entiated by the practitioner ? 
The kokko bacillus, as all the pasteurellas, acts on the system 
in different ways—at times with great virulence ; it penetrates 
all the tissues 5 in other cases the infection remains local, mostly 
in the intestinal tract, acting with its toxine, which gives an 
