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ADOLPH EICHORN. 
opportunity to the development of other microbes. In the last 
case the bacilli may remain in the organism for a long time or 
may soon disappear. The secondary microbes can make use of 
the weakened organism, multiplying rapidly and producing 
death. This is often the course in pneumonia ; the clinical 
picture depends on the changing relations of the kokko bacilli 
and streptococci. If the kokko bacillus affects the system with 
great virulence, so that it impresses its mark on the disease, in 
spite of the addition of streptococci, we have to deal with a case 
of typhoid pneumonia (influenza complicated with pneumonia). 
The specific bacilli can have a passing and less intensive 
part to play, which allows the streptococci to produce its special 
lesions and symptoms. Consequently the observer is correct in 
making the symptomatological discriminations. All pneumonias 
are due to microbes. There are for pneumonia, just the same 
as for other diseases, predisposing causes, as overwork, cold, 
heat, etc., but when pneumonia makes its appearance this is then 
due to the microbes. 
The following example should prove what has already been 
said: In a big stable several horses show slight swellings of 
the extremities, impaired appetite ; they are dull, conjunctiva 
swollen, temperature 39 C. Shortly afterward, three of them 
become affected with pneumonia. The symptoms are of typ¬ 
ical infectious pneumonia, and not of influenza, the affected 
animals being four years of age, one of which died after three 
days. Post-mortem showed dark blood, liver, spleen, kidneys 
tender, and strong hepatization of the right lung. The culture 
of the lung contains only the streptococci of, Schutz ; the one 
of the kidneys streptococci and coli bacilli. Kokko bacilli were 
only detected by the inoculation in guinea-pigs, of which one 
died from pneumouia eight days after the inoculation. Some 
time afterward another horse became affected, showing the fol¬ 
lowing symptoms: Temperature 41 C., dullness, eyes half 
closed, lachrymation, mucous membrane dark, small pulse and 
no localization in the lungs, extremities slightly swollen. 
Convalescence began five to six days after the appearance of 
