MODERN VETERINARY PRACTICE. 
425 
Industry, or, in other words, the Veterinary Division of the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, has now developed a vaccine which 
has apparently shown 80 per cent, of recoveries in hogs vacci¬ 
nated, as against 20 per cent, for hogs not vaccinated. It is 
being gradually recognized that with thorough organization hog 
cholera can be quarantined successfully, providing the quaran¬ 
tine measures are instituted early in the history of the outbreak, 
and even when the disease has spread over a large territory, a 
well organized effort, backed by a good law, can accomplish a 
great deal toward gradual reduction and final eradication of the 
disease. Now that we apparently have a preventive vaccine, the 
problem of control looks still easier. To illustrate what can be 
accomplished, I have only to quote a few facts and figures from 
Minnesota records ; and, by the way, Minnesota can claim the 
distinction of having been the first state to attempt the control 
of this disease by sanitary measures. In 1896 this state lost 
over a million dollars in dead hogs alone, saying nothing of 
other financial losses that necessarily accompany the loss of so 
much live stock. In 1897 the loss, as nearly as can be 
estimated, was less than one-half a million. In 1898 a similar 
estimate had placed the loss at less than one-third of a million, 
approximately $325,000. The reduction of territory invaded 
was from 354 townships invaded in 41 counties in 1897 to 93 
townships in 32 counties in 1898. This has not been entirely 
due to natural conditions, for our neighboring states, Iowa, 
Nebraska and Wisconsin, report no reduction, and in some cases 
an increased annual loss during the same period. 
We have in mallein a positive diagnostic for glanders, and 
it has revealed an unpleasant fact, viz.: that glanders is more 
prevalent than we had previously supposed. The public idea 
of a dejected looking horse that is discharging profusely at both 
nostrils, with great ulcers on the Schneiderian membrane and 
farcy sores on the body surface, is in some respects unfortunate, 
for it is difficult to get people to comprehend that a horse may 
be fat and show no marked symptoms of glanders and yet have 
the disease, and be infectious to other horses. 
