566 
A. LIAUTARD. 
tagious diseases, and to be able to answer for the qualities of the 
products she was sending far away across the Atlantic. 
Already, some years ago, these were endangered : the pres¬ 
ence of pleuro-pneumonia widely spread among her cattle, of 
hog-cholera, and of trichinosis killing so many of her pigs, had 
caused European countries to shut their doors to her products. 
Measures had therefore to be taken, and after several difficulties 
the Bureau of Animal Industry was created in 1884 by an act 
of Congress, with the object: 
u to prevent the exportation of diseased cattle and provide 
means for the suppression and extirpation of pleuro-pneumonia 
and other contagious diseases among domestic animals, and also 
to prevent the importation of contagion into the country.” 
The direction of this special bureau of the Department of 
Agriculture was entrusted to Dr. D. E. Salmon; it is to him that 
the greatest part of the work done is due, and by his efforts that 
the bureau has been brought to that state of efficiency which 
now makes it one of the most perfectly organized departments 
of sanitary veterinary science in the whole world. At first, as 
indicated by the letter and the spirit of the law of 1884, which 
created the Bureau of Animal Industry, its duties were almost 
entirely confined to the eradication of contagious pleuro-pneu¬ 
monia, which it succeeded so well in stamping out that, after 
a working period of less than five years and at a cost of about 
$1,500,000, from that date not one single case has existed in 
that country. 
But little by little it became necessary to extend its sphere 
of work, and successively Congress passed new laws, enlarging 
it and demanding more from it, always with the idea of general 
and commercial protection. 
In 1890 an act was issued providing “for.the inspection of 
meat for exportation, and prohibiting the importation of adul¬ 
terated articles of food or drinks.” This act began to take effect 
in 1891, and was shortly after followed by another which pro¬ 
vided “for the inspection of live cattle, hogs, and the carcasses, 
and products thereof which are articles of interstate commerce > 
