622 
GEORGE J. GOUBEAUD. 
standing. Yon will usually find in the centre of the mass a raw 
granulating surface varying in size from that of a five-cent piece 
to that of a silver dollar, generally circular in form. It never 
seems to heal, and remains always about the same size. If seen 
in the morning, we will find the sore spot covered with dirt, oats 
and a few blades of hay or straw. Examine his feet and shoes. 
No blood will be found upon them, or if some be found, it is 
only in spots or drops, where it has fallen from the tumor, but 
not in one large spot, which would necessarily be the case if he 
lay upon the tumor. Again, I ask what is the cause of this cir¬ 
cumstance ? 
For the time being I will turn to the cow. While I have 
had very little practice among cattle, still I remember seeing 
one case of what appeared to be shoe-boil. I have spoken to 
others, and while they admit that it is very rare, still it does 
exist. A condition of the elbow commonly seen in cattle is 
that of a raw granulating wound, with a thickened surface, and 
greatly thickened edges. By some it has been described as a 
bed sore. It is seen usually in those cattle which extend the 
leg upon the side they lie on. I have seen during my observa¬ 
tions this position assumed by animals which were kept in 
close confinement, and where one animal was forced to stand 
while the other rested itself. Cows do not wear shoes. Their 
feet are not like those of horses ; their feet cannot touch the 
elbows ; their position is different from that of the horse, and 
still they can have shoe-boils. Again, who among us having a 
canine practice, however small, has not seen fibrous tumors upon 
the elbows of dogs, usually those of the large variety. Yet 
dogs do not wear shoes, and they cannot lie upon their feet. 
Still they have these tumors. Take wild animals, such as the 
lion, tiger and bear, kept in captivity, and you will see the same 
thing. Or examine a number of camels, and you will surely 
find one among the number which possesses this abnormality. 
Take man, for instance, and you will often find a small tumor 
upon his elbow. It is soft, painless, slightly fluctuating, and 
also slightly moveable. Ask him how it came there. The an- 
