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EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
of a ligature as a means of castration, with or without ampu¬ 
tation of the ovaries. An elastic band was then recommended. 
Director Degive, who at that time had fully indorsed the new 
method, said that it was called one day to take the place of 
all means heretofore patronized for the castration of our large 
domestic females, mares and cows. Since then Director Degive 
has had occasion to apply the elastic ligature in his practice, 
also other veterinarians, and success has always followed the 
operation. The elastic ring used is secured tight by means of 
a little glass bulb or pearl, which is perforated. Through the 
ring the elastic band is passed. It then forms a little loop, 
through which a double sliding cord is introduced, and while 
this hangs out of the vulva, by pulling upon it the thickness 
of the ring is reduced, the glass ball can be pushed nearer the 
soft tissues, the ring is made tighter on them. When the cord 
is enlarged the elastic band resumes its thickness in front and 
below the glass ball, which is left in place holding tight. The 
process is said to be simple in its application and entirely free 
from danger, with the simplest application of antisepsy. 
A Case of Linguae and Labiae Psorospermosis in the 
Horse \_By MM. Hendrickx and Lienanx \.—This affection 
is quite rare in the horse, although it is frequent in swine 
and in ruminants. Nedamysolzky has found them in the cer¬ 
vical muscles, diaphragm, oesophagus, walls of the pharynx and 
some muscles of the extremities. Schulz has met them in the 
muscles of a horse paralyzed in the fore legs. The authors 
have seen them in the tongue and the upper lip of a four-year 
old, which presented the following symptoms: superior lip 
trebled in size and stiff. Its internal face is roughened, covered 
with small nodosities ; it has a grey-yellowish tint. The mouth 
is partly closed and saliva escapes from both commissures. 
The free portion of the tongue is four times its size and over¬ 
fills the lingual canal. Its consistency is much altered. It is 
hard like condensed fibrous tissue ; the movements of the organ 
are nearly normal when made from forward backwards ; lateral 
ones are more difficult. The surface of the organ, instead of 
being smooth and soft, is bosselated, rough and presents numer¬ 
ous little nodosities. Here and there are superficial solu¬ 
tions of continuity, traumatisms inflicted by the teeth probably. 
The animal is otherwise in normal condition except thin. Mi¬ 
croscopic examinations excluded actinomycosis, tuberculosis and 
botryotnycosis, but revealed the presence of a large collection of 
sacroporids which infected the whole organ. A treatment of 
