M ESEMBRY 
marked wath many lines arid dots. Flowers fulphur-co- 
loured, compofed of numerous petals of which the inner 
ones are fhorter, with a red purple ftreak running along 
the middle on the outfide ; they open about noon, but 
do not appear very often. Native of the Cape. It flow¬ 
ered in the Eltham-garden in 1726. 
61. Mefembryanthemum pinnatifidum, or pinnated fig- 
marigold : leaves flat, oblong, pinnatifid. Root annual, 
not much branched, of fliort duration. The whole plant 
is fprinkled over with glittering particles, like the ice- 
plant, to which it bears fome affinity in its duration. 
Stems branching, of a bright red-colour, trailing. Leaves 
yellowifli green. Flowers fmall, l'olitary, on longifli pe¬ 
duncles, yellbw ; expanding in the afternoon. Intro¬ 
duced from the Cape by Maffon in 1774. It flowers in 
Juiy and Auguft. It was cultivated earlier in the botanic 
garden at Upl'al, where it was probably introduced by 
Thunberg. 
62. Mefembryanthemum feffiliflorum, or feffile-flowered 
fig-marigold : leaves flat, fpatulate ; both thel'e and the 
ftems papulofe ; branches divaricate; flowers feffile. Na¬ 
tive of the Cape, where it was found by Maffon, and in¬ 
troduced in 1774. It is an annual, and flowers in July. 
63. Mefembryanthemum tortuofum, or twilfed-leaved 
fig-marigold: leaves flattifli, oblong-ovate, fubpapillole, 
cluttered, connate; calyxes three-leaved, two-horned. 
Stem fhort, thickiffi. Branches unequal, fpreading irre¬ 
gularly on the ground, covered "with a fmooth bark of a 
dufky yellowifli colour, with other fmalier Ample ones 
fpringing from them, which are alfo irregular and twitted. 
Leaves pointed, flightly excavated within in the middle, 
the outer part produced and fwelling, of a yellowifh- 
green colour, with frequent minute dots regularly in lines. 
Compared with M. expanfum, the flowers are fomewhat 
fmalier and whiter, petals narrower, peduncles fhorter, fo 
that the flowers frequently fcarce emerge from the bun¬ 
dles of leaves: they are filamentofe, and, where they are 
white, fhine with a filvery brightnefs in the fun ; but in 
the middle, next the ftamens, they are flightly tinged with 
yellow, and fhine lei's : they are without f'cent, open two 
or three times, and in the day-time only. Mr. Haworth 
obferves, that the young leaves, when juft beginning to 
feparate, have a very ftriking refemblance to the beak of 
a bird. Native of the Cape. Cultivated in 1705, by Dr. 
Uvedale. It flowers from June to Odlober. 
64. Mefembryanthemum glabrum, or fmooth-leaved 
fig-marigold : leaves embracing, diftinft, fpatulate, very 
fmooth ; peduncles the length of the leaves ; calyxes lie- 
milpherical. 65. Melembryanthemum helianthoides, or 
fpatulate-leaved fig-marigold : leaves fpatulate, flat, even ; 
peduncles very long ; calyxes flat at the bale, angular. 
Annuals, introduced by Maffon from the Cape. They 
flower in July and Auguft. 
66. Mefembryanthemum pomeridianum, or great yel¬ 
low-flowered fig-marigold : leaves flattifli, broad-lanceo¬ 
late, even, fubciliate, diftinft; ftem, peduncles, and germs, 
rough-haired. Root annual. Stem herbaceous, a fpan 
high, fcarceiy thicker than a goofe-quill, alm'oft upright, 
round, rough with cluttered reflex or fpreading white 
hairs. Branches oppolite, almoft upright, higher than the 
ftem, dichotomous. Leaves oppofite, horizontal, em¬ 
bracing, quite entire, blunt, very fmooth, ciliate, efpeci- 
ally at the bafe, where they are alfo channelled. Pedun¬ 
cles from the forks, folitary, round, upright, rough with 
very fpreading hairs, the length of the leaves, one-flow¬ 
ered ; flowers upright, the fize of the common marigold j 
calyx very large, rough with white hairs; fegments 
fpreading, unequal; two longer than the corolla, lanceo¬ 
late, flat, hairy within at the bafe; three the length of 
the corolla, fubcylindric, membranaceous within towards 
the bafe 5 corolla fulphur-coioured, fhining, fpreading 
very much; petals very numerous, in fever.l row's, the 
inner ones gradually fmalier, the inmoft briftle-fhaped, 
curved inwards, covering the ftamens, from which indeed, 
they differ only in being deftitute of anthers; filaments 
Vql. XV. No. 1033, 
A N T H E M U M. 177 
yellow, in a cylinder, covering the piftils; anthers nod¬ 
ding, oblong, yellow. Germ deprefled, fmooth, with rom 
twelve to fifteen flreaks. Caplule orbicular, flattifli, many- 
celled ; feeds femi-orbicular, compreffed, black, fmooth, 
fmall. It is diftinguifhed by the number of piftils and 
cells. Native of the Cape. It flowers in July and Au¬ 
guft. This is fhown at fig. 2. of the preceding Plate. 
67. Mefembryanthemum ecliinatum, or echinated fig- 
marigold : leaves oblong-ovate, fubtriquetrous, gib¬ 
bous, ramentaceous-hifpid; calycine fegments,leaf-fhaped. 
There are two varieties. 
a. Luteum, yellow. Mr. Haworth remarks, that the 
calycine leaves are proportionally larger than thole of the 
white-flowered one. The juicy leaves, and more particu¬ 
larly the flowers, when bruifed, ftain paper a ftrong yel¬ 
low colour. 
1 3 . Album, white. This is a diftufe fnrubby plant. 
Branches cylindrical, axillary, long, at firft upright, after¬ 
wards declining and very diftufe, fometimes covered thin¬ 
ly with briftly hairs, for the moft part only with numer¬ 
ous roughifh papulae, which are greenifh on the young 
flioots, and white on the old ones. Flowers pretty nu¬ 
merous, fmall, opening in the fore-part of the day, white ; 
anthers very minute, yellow, ovate, with a groove on one 
fide, fixed to the filaments by their fides, but towards the 
top ; pollen deep yellow. Native of the Cape, where it 
was found by Maffon. It flowers from July to Odlober. 
68 . Mefembryanthemum ringens, or ringent fig-mari¬ 
gold ; almoft flemlefs ; leaves ciliate, toothed, dotted. 
Here are two very diftimft varieties. 
u. M. caninum, dog-chap fig-marigokl : ftemlefswhilft 
young, but acquires by age confiderable trailing woody 
ftems. Flowers large, lhowy, yellow, opening in the af¬ 
ternoon, and doling in the evening; petals bright-fhin- 
ing-yellow within, often tinged with purple on the out¬ 
fide ; filaments numerous ; anthers deep yellow; ftyles 
greenifh yellow. 
ft. M. felinum, cat-chap fig-marigold : entirely feffile, 
of a whitiih glaucous colour, with the leaves paler at the 
bafe, fhorter than thofe of the preceding, more refupine, 
lefs triquetrous, but with a rounder back, and more-fre¬ 
quent, longer, incurved, prickles, terminated by flender 
harmlefs fpinules, which are fometimes white, fometimes 
reddifh; they have a white line at the end, which is con¬ 
tinued towards the back. There is firft a flower in the 
middle, and afterwards feveral come out fucceflively at 
the fides, all feffile ; corolla golden-coloured within, not 
having any tinge of red ; yellow with a tinge of red on 
the outfide. 
Mr. Haworth adds two other varieties, and he regards 
them all as fpecies. 
y. M. tigrinum, tiger-chap fig-marigold : ftemlefs in 
all its ftages of growth ; it is more lucculent and grofs 
than felinum. Leaves rather fhorter, befet with much 
longer hairs on the fides, and having numerous waitifh' 
fpots. Flowers feftile, yeliow, large. 
£ M. murinum, mome-chap fig-marigold : in this, the 
branches in very old piants are tome inches lon 0 a.id nu¬ 
merous, forming a fine tufted plant. Leaves connate, 
when young refembling the ganing jaws of a lmall qua¬ 
druped, the denticuiations on each fide refembling teeth ; 
when old, the leaves fpread out, and are even recurved ; 
all are very glaucous, only about a fourth part of tiie fize 
of the others, and often roughly dotted ; dots lucid, eie- 
vated into fmall tubercles. Flowers fmall and yellow. 
All the varieties are natives of the Cape. They flower 
from May to July. 
69. Mefembryanthemum dolabriforme, or hatchet- 
leaved fig-marigoid : ftemlefs ; leaves hatchet-fhaped, 
dotted. At firft: this is a low plant, but it becomes larger 
and itronger ; it does not however rife above a long foan 
in height in fix years : the ftem is then thick and woody, 
and feveral reclining twitted branches fpring from it al¬ 
ternately, covered with a dufky reddifh bark, fmooth but’ 
tranfverfely .chinked and irregular; at the end of which 
2 z come 
