34.3 M E T 
to perpetual celibacy. She is flyled a calogrta, which 
iignifies properly a religious woman or nun; and is in 
eifeft menial fervant to her filler, being employed by 
her in any office Ihe may think lit to impofe, frequently 
lerving her as a waiting-maid, as cook, and often in em¬ 
ployments Hill more degrading. She wears a habit pecu¬ 
liar to her lituation, which Ihe can never change ; a fort of 
nionaltic drefs, coarfe, and of dark brown. One advan¬ 
tage however Ihe enjoys over her filler, that whereas the 
elder, before marriage, is never allowed to go abroad, or 
to fee any man, her neareft relations only excepted, the 
calogria, except when employed in domellic toil, is in 
this refpedl at perfeft" liberty. But, when the filler is 
married, the fituation of the poor calogria becomes def- 
perate indeed, and is rendered Hill more humiliating by 
the comparilon between her condition and that of her 
happy miltrefs. The married filler enjoys every fort of 
liberty—the whole family fortune is hers, and Hie fper.ds 
it as fhe pleafes—her hulband is her obfequious fervant— 
her father and mother are dependent upon her—Hie 
drefies in the moll magnificent manner, covered all over, 
according to the falhion of the ifland, with pearls and 
with pieces of gold, which are commonly fequins ; thus 
continually carrying about with her the enviable marks 
of affluence and fuperiority, v.diile the wretched calogria 
follows her as a fervant, arrayed in limple homelpun 
brown, and without the moll diftant hope of ever chang¬ 
ing her condition. Such a difparitymayfeem intolerable; 
but what will not cultom reconcile? Neither are the 
misfortunes of the family yet at ail end. The father 
and the mother, with what little is left them, contrive 
by their indullry to accumulate a fecond little fortune ; 
and this, if they Ihould have a third daughter, they are 
obliged to give to her upon her marriage, and the fourth, 
if there Ihould be one, becomes her calogria; and fo on 
through all the daughters alternately. Whenever the 
daughter is marriageable, Hie can by cuilom compel the 
father to procure her a hulband ; and the mother, fuch 
is the pow'er of habit, is foolilh enough to join in teazing 
him into an immediate compliance, though its confe- 
quences mull be equally fatal and ruinous to both of 
them. From hence it happens that nothing is more 
common than to fee the old father and mother reduced 
to the utmoll indigence, and even begging about the 
flreets, While their unnatural daughters are in affluence; 
and we ourfelves have frequently been Ihewn the eldeil 
daughter parading it through the town in the greateft 
fplendour, while her mother and filler followed her as 
fervants, and made a melancholy part of her attendant 
train.” We are informed, however, that, of late, fince 
the above account was publilhed, or at leall fince his 
lordlhip’s vifit, the patriarch of Confiantinople, the arch- 
bilhop, and the clergy, havefucceeded in fo far modifying 
this abfurd practice, as to admit all the daughters to a 
partition of the property in a certain proportion.. 
In the channel formed by the ifland of Metelin add the 
coall, at the entrance of the Adramyttia’n gulf, are fome 
fmall ifiands, which the Greeks call Mufconifi , and navi¬ 
gators Mijcemifjes ; but formerly they bore the name cf 
Jlecatnnes. They are faid to be fertile in wines and oil. 
For the ancient llate of this ifland, fee Lesbos, vol. xii. 
p. 527. Lat. 39.40. N. Ion. 26.14. E. 
METELI'NOS, a town of the ifland of Samos : two 
miles north-eaft of Cora. 
METEL'LUS, tliefurname of the family of the Cas- 
cilii at Rome, the moll famous of whom w'as Quintus 
Csecilius, who rendered liimfelf illullrious by hisfuccefles 
againl’c Jugurtha the Numidian king, from which he was 
fiirnamed Nitmidiefus. See the article Rome. 
METTMP'SYCHI, f. in church-hiltory, a left who 
tield the metempfycholis, or tranfmigration of fouls. 
To METEMSYCHO'SE, v. a. [from metcmpjyclwfsf] 
To tranllate from body to body. A word not received .— 
The fouls of ufurpers after their death, Lucian affirms to 
be mctempjychojed, or tranflated into the bodies of afles. 
M E T 
and there remain certain years, for poor men to take their 
pennyworth out of their bones. Peacham on Blazoning. 
METEMPSYCH'OSIS, J\ [Greek; formed of^,=7-2:, be¬ 
yond, and epfvyu, I animate, or enliven.] In the ancient 
philofophy, the paflage or tranfmigration of the foul of a 
man, after death, into the body of fome other animal.—- 
From the opinion of mctempfyclwfis , or tranfmigration of 
the fouls of men into the bodies of bealls moll fuitable 
unto their human condition, after his death Orpheus the 
mufician became a fwan. Brown's Vulgar Errours. 
Pythagoras and his followers held, that, after death, 
men’s fouls palled into other bodies, of this or that kind, 
according to the manner of life they had led. If they 
had been vicious, they were imprifoned in the bodies of 
miferable bealls, there to do penance forfeveral ages; at 
the expiration whereof, they returned afrefli to animate 
man : but, if they had lived virtuoufly, fome happier brute, 
or even a human creature, was to be their lot. Wliat led 
Pythagoras to this opinion was, the perfuaiion he had, 
that the foul was not of a perilhable nature: whence he 
concluded, that it mull remove into fome other body 
upon its abandoning this. And hence the Pythagoreans 
abllained from animal food, and excluded animal lkcri- 
fices from their religious ceremonies. The doftrine is 
thus beautifully reprefented by Ovid, who introduces 
Pythagoras as laying, 
Morte carerit animee: jempere/ue priore r cl Ufa 
Side, novis domibus habitant, vivuntque receptee. 
Omnia mutantur; nihil interit; errat et Mine, 
Hue venit, kinc Mac, et quo/libet occupet eirtus 
Spiritus, equeferis humana in corpora tranjit, 
Inepie ferets infer: nec tempore deperit uUo, 
Utejue novisfreigilis Jignatur ccrafigures, 
Nec manct utfuerat , nec formas Jervat edfdem, 
Seel tamen ipfa eaelem eft, animamfc femper eandem , 
Ejj'e Jed in varias, doceo migrare figures. 
What then is death, but ancient matter dreft 
In fome new figure, and a varied veil? 
Thus all things are but alter’d, nothing dies ; 
And here and there th’ unbodied fpirit flies. 
By time, or force, or ficknefs, dilpoflefs’d. 
And lodges where it lights, in man or bealtj 
Or hunts without, till ready limbs it find, 
And actuates thole according to their kind; 
From tenement to tenement is toll, 
The foul is Hill the lame, the figure only loll; 
And, as the loftened wax new' leafs receives, 
This face alfumes, and that impreffion leaves; 
Now call’d by one, now by another name, 
The form is only chang’d, the wax is ftili the fame; 
So death, thus call’d, can but the form deface, 
Th’ immortal foul flies out in empty fpace, 
To feek her fortune in fome other place. Dryelen, 
According to Empedocles, human fouls, in the courfe 
of the tranfmigration to wdiich they are liable, may inha¬ 
bit not only different human bodies, but the body of any 
animal or plant; with this the Inftitutes of Menu agree. 
Lucan treats the whole doftrine as a kind of officious 
lie, contrived to mitigate the apprehenfion of death, by 
perfuading men that they only changed their lodging, 
and only ceafed to live to begin a new life. Reuchlin 
maintains, that the metempiychofis of Pythagoras im¬ 
plied nothing more than a fimilitude of manners, defires, 
and Undies, formerly exilting in lome perion decealed, 
and now revived in another alive. Thus, when it was 
find, that Euphorbus was revived in Pythagoras, no more 
was meant than that the martial virtue, which had ihone 
in Euphorbus at the time of the Trojan war, was now, 
in fome meafure, revived in Pythagoras, by reafon of the 
great refpeft he bore for the athletae. For, thofe people 
wondering how a philoibyher ihould be fo much taken 
with men of the fword, he palliated the matter, by laying, 
that the foul of Euphorbus, i. e. his genius, dilpolition, 
and inclinations, were revived in him. And this gave 
a occalioiv 
