85* MIG 
in that city, with whom he worked till the age of fevetl- 
teen, when he accompanied his mailer to Holland. He 
was there allowed to receive the inftruftions of David de 
Heem of Utrecht, a famous artift in the fame walk, under 
whom he foon arrived at the higheft degree of perfeftion. 
The exaftnefs of his reprefentations, the brilliancy of his 
colouring, the delicate bloom of nature thrown over every 
objeft, the tafte and Ikill of the grouping, and the ele¬ 
gant choice of fubjefts, rendered him in his time unri¬ 
valled in this pleafing though inferior branch of the art; 
and he has perhaps been furpalled only by Van Huyfum. 
His flower and fruit pieces are generally accompanied by 
appropriate infefts, exquifitely painted, with drops of dew 
rolling from the leaves, fo as to produce an abfolute illu- 
fion. He was exceedingly careful to choofe the bell and 
moft perfeft fpecimens for his imitation, and was never 
wearied in ftudying nature. His afTiduity fhortened his 
days ; and he died in Holland in 1679, at the age of forty. 
His works bore a high price, and were purchafed by 
Grangers from various countries. O'Argenville and Pil~ 
kington. 
MIGNONETTE,^ [French.] An annual flower, with 
a ftrong fweet fcent like that of rafpberries. See Reseda. 
MIGNONI'TIS, one of the names of Venus. 
MIGNO'T (Stephen), a learned French ecclefiaftic, was 
a native of Paris, where he was born in the year 1698. 
He was admitted to the degree of doftor by the faculty 
of the Sorbonne, and rendered himfelf eminent for hi9 
acquaintance with the facred fcriptures, the fathers, ec- 
clefiaftieal hiftory, and canon-law. When upwards of 
fixty years old, he was elefted a member of the Royal 
Academy of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres. He died in 
1771, about the age of feventy-three. He was the author 
of, 1. A Treatife on Commercial'Loans, 1767, 4. vols. 
nmo. z. The Rights of the State and of the Prince, 
with Reference to the Eftates of the Clergy, 1755, 6 vols. 
nmo. 3. The Hiftory of the Conteft between Henry II. 
and St. Thomas of Canterbury, 1756, nmo. 4. The Re¬ 
ception of the Council of Trent in Catholic Countries, 
1767, a vols. nmo. 5. A Paraphrafe on the. Book of 
Pfalms, 1755, nmo. 6. A Paraphrafe on the Book of 
Wifdom, 1754, 2 vols. nmo. 7. A Paraphrafe on the 
New Teftament, 1754, 4 vols. nmo. 8. An Analyfis of 
the Truths of the Chriftian Religion, 1755, nmo. 9. Re¬ 
flections on the Preliminary Information requifite for an 
Acquaintance with Chriftianity, nmo. 10. A Memoir 
relating to the Liberties of the Gallican Church, 1756, 
nmo. Gen. Biog. 
MIGNOVILLAR'D, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Jura: thirteen miles fouth-eaft of Salins, and 
four north-eaft of Nozeroy. 
To MI'GRATE, v. n. [ tnigro , Lat.] To remove from 
one place to another ; to change refidence.—BufFon fays 
that the lwallow is not torpid in winter, and mult there¬ 
fore migrate to the coaft of Senegal. Barrington .—-If I 
grew better I fhould not be willing, if much worfe not 
able, to migrate. Johnjon to Lord Thurlow. 
MIGRATION, f. Aft of changing refidence; remo¬ 
val from one habitation to another.—Ariftotle diftin- 
guiflieth their times of generation, latitancy and 1nigra- 
tion, fanity and venation. Brown's Vulgar Errors .—Change 
of place; removal.—Although fuch alterations, tranfi- 
tions, migrations of the centre of gravity, and elevations 
of new iflands, had aftually happened, yet thefe ftiells 
could never have been repoled thereby in the manner we 
find them. Woodward's Natural Hiftory. 
Migration of Birds. 
It has been generally believed, that many different 
kinds of birds annually pafs from one country to another, 
and fpend the fummer or the winter where it is moft 
agreeable to them; and that even the birds of our own 
ifland will feek the moft diftant fouthern regions of Africa, 
when direfted by a peculiar inftinft to leave their own 
eosntry. It has long been an opinion pretty generally 
MIG 
received, that fwallows reftde during the winter-feafon 1* 
the warm fouthern regions; and Mr. Adanfon particu¬ 
larly relates his having feen them at Senegal, when they 
were obliged to leave this country. But, belides.the fwal- 
low, Mr. Pennant enumerates many other birds which 
migrate from Britain at different times of the year, and 
are then to be found in other countries; after which they. 
again leave thefe countries, and return to Great Britain. 
The reafon of thefe migrations he fuppofes to be a defeft 
of food at certain leafons of the year, or the want of a 
fecure afylum from the perfecution of man during the 
time of courtfliip, incubation, and nutrition. The fol¬ 
lowing is his lift of the migrating fpecies : 
I. Crows. The hooded crow migrates regularly with 
the woodcock. It inhabits North Britain the whole year; 
a few are faid annually to breed on Dartmoor, in Devon- 
fhire. It breeds alfo in Sweden and Auftria. I11 fome 
of the Swedifh provinces it only drifts its quarters ; in 
others it refides throughout the year. Our author is at 
a lofs for the fummer-retreat of thofe which vifit us in 
fuch numbers in winter, and quit our country in the 
fpring; and for the reafon why a bird, whole food is fuch 
that it may be found at all feafons in this country, fliould 
leave us. 
а. Cuckoo. Difappears early in autumn ; the retreat of 
this and the following bird is quite unknown to us. 
3. Wryneck. Is a bird that leaves us in the winter. If 
its diet be ants alone, as feveral aflert, the caufe of its 
migration is very evident. This bird difappears before 
winter, and reviiits us in the fpring a little earlier thau 
the cuckoo. 
4. Hoopoe. Comes to England but by accident; Mr, 
Pennant once indeed heard of a pair that attempted to 
make their neft in a meadow at Selborne, Hampfliire, but 
were frighted away by the curiofity of people. It breed* 
in Germany. 
5^ Grous. The whole tribe, except the quail, lives here 
all the year round: that bird either leaves us, or elfe re¬ 
tires towards the fea-coaits. 
б . Pigeons. Some few of the ring-doves breed here 3 
but the multitude that appears in the winter is fo dif- 
proportioned to what continue here the whole year, as to 
make it certain that the greateft part quit the country 
in the fpring. It is moft probable they go to Sweden to 
breed, and return from thence in autumn; as Mr. Ek- 
mark informs us, they entirely quit that country before 
winter. Multitudes of the common wild pigeons alfo 
make the northern retreat, and vifit us in winter; not 
but numbers breed in the high clifts in all parts of the 
ifland. The turtle alfo probably leaves us in the win¬ 
ter, at lead changes its place, removing to the fouthern 
counties. 
7. Stare. Breeds here. Poflibly feveral remove to other 
Countries for that purpofe, fince the produce of thofe 
that continue here feems unequal to the clouds of them 
that appear in winter. It is not unlikely that many mi¬ 
grate into Sweden, where Mr. Berger obferves they re.- 
turn in fpring. 
8. Thrfthes. The fieldfare and the redwing breed an<J 
pafs their fummers in Norway and other cold countries; 
their food is berries, which, abounding in our kingdoms* 
tempts them here in the winter. Thefe two, and the 
Royfton crow, are the only land-birds that regularly and 
conftantly migrate into England, and do not breed here* 
The hawfinch and crolsbill come here at fuch uncertain, 
times as not to deferve the name of birds of paffage. 
9. Chatterer. Appears annually about Edinburgh in 
flocks during winter; and feeds on the berries of the 
mountain-alh. In South Britain it is an accidental 
vifitant. 
10. Grofieaks. The grofbeak and crofsbill come here 
but feidom ; they breed in Auftria. The pine-grofbeak 
probably breeds in the forefts of the Highlands of Scot¬ 
land. 
II. Buntings. All the fpecies inhabit England tlirough- 
