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562 
MI'KLOS ($t.>, a town of Tranfylvania: twelve miles 
north-north-weft of Medics. 
MIKLOSVA'R, a town of Tranfylvania, on the river 
Alaut : fixteen miles north of Cronftadt. 
MIKNl'AH, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
MIKOLA'IOW, a town of Auftrian Poland, in Ga¬ 
licia : twenty-eight miles fouth-fouth-weft of Lemberg. 
MIKOLA'IOW, a town of Poland, in Volhynia: twen- 
tv-four miles weft of Lucko. 
' MIK'OLOW. See Nikolai. 
MIKU'LINOZE, a town of Poland, in Podolia : fifty- 
fix miles north-north-weft of Kaminiec. 
MI'LA, a town of Thibet: 222 miles fouth-weft of 
Latac. 
MI'LA, a town of Tunis: thirty miles fouth of Con- 
ftantina. 
MILA'GRO, a town of Spain, in the province of Ar- 
ragon, at the union of the Arga and Arragon : live miles 
salt of Calahorra. 
MILALA'I, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
MIL'AN (Duchy of), or the Milanese, a country of 
Italy, bounded on the north by the Grifons, on the eaft 
by the Venetian Hates, on the fouth by the Hates of Pied¬ 
mont and Parma, and on the welt by Piedmont and Sa¬ 
ve^. Its greateft breadth from north to fouth is upwards 
of 100 miles; and its greateft length from eaft to weft, 
108. Scarcely a country throughout Europe is more 
fertile in a variety of excellent productions. Every-where 
it is watered either by rivulets or canals ; and, after the 
liarveft of the ufual kinds of grain, the people fow Turkey- 
wheat, chiefly on account of their poultry : they likewile 
fow rice ; though the culture of both thole grains is 
deemed pernicious to health. The paftures are very 
rich, efpecially in the diftriCt of Lodi, which is famous 
for the breeding of cattle. The cheefe made in the coun¬ 
try, and improperly called Parmefan, is well known. 
Here is alio excellent wine, and all manner of vegetables 
and fruits in perfection, together with a very confider- 
able number of mulberry-trees for iilk. The charms of 
the country are befides heightened by three large lakes. 
The trade of the Milanefe is conflderable ; but the greater 
part of the commodities the country affords is confumed 
by the inhabitants, their exports generally coming far 
fhort of their imports. Great quantities of cloth and li¬ 
nen are manufactured, and fllk is in great plenty, but 
-mot fo line as the Piedmontefe. The Huffs are moftly for 
home-coniumption; but fflks, ftockings, gloves, and 
handkerchiefs, are ufually exported. Milan is alfo fa¬ 
mous for curious w'orks in fteel, cryftal, agate, hyacinths, 
and other gems ; and the country every-where abounds 
with ingenious workmen and artificers. 
After the fall of the kingdom of Lombardy (fee Lom¬ 
bards and Lombardy, vol. xiii. p. 46, 7.) Milan be¬ 
came fubjeCt to the emperors of the Weft. After the 
contefts between the emperors and the popes, it loft its 
form of a republic, and became fubjeCt to the archbifliop : 
in 1277, Otto Vifconti, the archbilhop, was declared 
lord of Milan. His family long poffelled this rich prin¬ 
cipality. After two or three changes, it was leized, in 
1535, by Charles V. as a fief of the empire ; and he gave it 
to his Ion Philip; whole lucceffors, as kings of Spain, re¬ 
tained the Milanefe till the year 1706, when it became 
an appanage of Auftria, though a conflderable part of it 
had been transferred to the houfe of Sardinia. When 
the Cifalpine Republic tvas formed, the Milanefe w r as di¬ 
vided into four departments, viz. Olona, Verbano, Lario, 
and Delle Montagna. Milan was appointed the capital 
of the whole republic; and afterwards of the Kingdom 
of Italy, as inllituted in 1805. That kingdom now exifts 
no longer. On the 14th of April, 1815, .while the Con- 
grels was fitting at Vienna, and during Bonaparte’s laft 
fhort reign at Paris, the emperor of Auftria took poffef- 
fion of the Milanefe, and declared himfelfKing of Lom¬ 
bardy and Venice. 
We confefs we fiioulid have been better pleafed had it 
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been found confiftent with the policy of the allies to have 
left the whole of Italy as a diftinCt kingdom, not depen¬ 
dent, as Bonaparte made it, but independent and power¬ 
ful, as it ought to be. We cannot, indeed, from our pre- 
fent information, venture to fpeak very decidedly as to 
the effeCIs of the recent changes in the north of Italy on 
the condition of things thus deferibed. Wefeelourfelves 
compelled however to furmife unfavourably on the fub¬ 
jeCt. The changes made have all been fuch as to impair 
the unity of national character which was rapidly grow¬ 
ing among this people. The title of Kingdom indeed is 
preferved ; but its boundaries are contracted on every 
fide, and fcarcely more than three millions of people are 
now placed under the lhelter of this name. In ail that 
concerns the internal government and the adminiftratioa 
of juftice, we underftand that the influence of the native 
population is diminilhed; and the fetters of a provifional 
lyitem impoled again upon thofe who had, or fancied they 
had, acquired fome degree of national independence. 
Names, too, have a lovereign influence, not only with in¬ 
dividuals, but with communities of the people. The title 
of “ Kingdom of Italy” aCted as a talifman on Italian 
feelings ; that of the “ Lombard-Venetian Kingdom” is a 
poor and paltry coinage, which will fcarcely pals into the 
currency of language; and, if it excite any feelings or 
remembrances at all, mult obvioully lead to thofe which 
are holtile to the prefent fyftem of things. 
The emperor of Auftria has not one plea to advance 
for his feizure of Upper Italy. He and his fubjeCls have 
no fort of connection or fympatliy with the Italians ; 
their manners are different, their climate is different, 
their language is different; his territories are feparated 
from theirs by natural barriers. He cannot plead the 
right of conqueft, becaule the allied fovereigns have ex- 
prefsly fet their faces againft the fame right in others ; 
and, if he Ihould affert that he was only re-taking pollef- 
fion of a part of his former dominions, he would be an- 
fwered, firftly, that even on this ground one half of his 
new kingdom is an entire ulurpation, for he poffeffed only 
the Venetian territories before: fecondly, that he for¬ 
merly ceded thefe territories by treaty, and that therefore 
his refumption of them cannot be confidered in the light 
of a mere re-occupation : thirdly and laftly, that, accord¬ 
ing to the ground of policy advanced by the allies them- 
felves, all pleas of the old and contingent nature are done 
away ; that nothing but what is juft, ufeful, neceflary, 
and even popular, can warrant the changes made by the 
“ overthrowers of Bonaparte:” and that we come round 
therefore again and again to the fir ft objection, the entire 
ablence of connection and fympatliy, on the part of the 
Italians with the Aullrians, in any one refpeCt. An 
Auftrian , generally fpeaking, is about the dulleft inha¬ 
bitant of a country not famous for its vivacity. He wants 
warmth and imagination, is prodigiouliy fond of titles 
and ceremony, and is of no pofltive character except in 
trifles. A little is enough to engrofs the whole of his 
attention ; not becaufe he can find out a good deal in it, 
but becaufe he brings very little to be engroffed. All his 
talents, fuch as they are, and not excepting his military 
ones, are mechanical: his pleafures, in like manner, are 
thofe of mechanics: boifterous occaflonally, and unintel- 
leClual ;nd grofs in general: he contrives to maintain an 
equal appetite for eating and drinking; and his higheft 
idea of the animated or the excurlive is a rufli over the 
ice in winter-time, in a great fantaftic fledge, choked up 
with furs. In fhort, an Auftrian is a dull lort of ciumfy 
good-natured negative perfon, who likes a good dinner, 
fpeaks bad German, and has no more pretenfions to di¬ 
rect the Italians than to undertake the management of 
the funbeams. On the other hand, to deferibe the Italian 
is only to repeat common-place panegyric, and to call to 
mind all the enthufiafm that has been excited in readers 
and travellers by the beauties of art and nature. The 
Italian is an intelligent mind, in an afpeCl that becomes 
it; he is lively, warm, imaginative, full of enterprile, and 
