492 Metals. MINERALOGY. Metals. 
ftalaftitical, botiyoidal, or cryftallized in rhomboidal 
prifms, with four-fided fummits. It leaves a fky-blue 
trace,and is brittle: before the blowpipe it blackens, and 
tinges borax green with effervefcence: fpecific gravity, 
3-608: contains copper 66 to 70, carbonic acid 18 to 20, 
oxygen 8 to 10, water 2. Pelletier. 
9. Cuprum viride, or green copper: pale verdegris- 
green ; foluble in acids without effervefcence ; its folu- 
tion in volatile alkali becoming blue ; without luftre, of 
a conchoidal texture. Found in the mines of Siberia, 
Saxony, and Norway; fometimes fuperficial, fometiines 
intermixed with other minerals : opake, becoming black 
in the fire. 
10. Cuprum argillofum, or argillaceous copper-ore: 
foft, green, fhining internally, of a conchoidal texture. 
Found in the Altaic mountains of Siberia ; and adheres 
to the tongue in confequence of its mixture with alu- 
mine. Colour light or dufky-green or brownifh-green. 
It may be eafily cut with a knife; and contains from 24 
to 30 percent, of copper. 
ir. Cuprum talcofum, or talcofe copper: fea-green, 
very foft. Found in the mines on the Altaic mountains 
of Siberia, in the cavities or crevices of metallic or alu- 
minar minerals, and has fmall particles of talc intermixed 
■with it: colour fometimes very pale green, and occafion- 
ally exhibiting a metallic luftre or tranfparency. 
12. Cuprum aerugo, mountain-green, or malachite: 
green, giving a blue colour to ammonia, eft'ervefcing with 
nitric acid, opake, without metallic luftre. There are four 
varieties; all which are found in the various copper mines 
of Great Britain, Africa, Siberia, Hungary, Saxony, Bo¬ 
hemia, &c. in folid maffes or in fmall particles inter- 
fperfed in different matrices, or in various forms, as kidney- 
fhaped, botryoidal, ftala&itical, or in concentric layers. 
Colour from a dull to a light apple-green: luftre ufually 
filky. Before the blowpipe it decrepitates and blackens, 
but does not melt, and gives a green colour to the flame: 
it effervefces with nitric acid, and tinges borax yellowifh- 
green and alkalies blue. Specific gravity, from 3-571 to 
3-653. A lpecimen from Siberia contained copper 58, 
carbonic acid 18, oxygen 12-5,water 11-5. Klaproth. 
Jamefon fays, that M. Patrin faw at Peterfburg a plate 
of malachite, about thirty-two inches long and feventeen 
broad, which was valued at twenty thoufand livres. It is 
ufed in the arts for ornamental jewellery and fometimes, 
when pulverized, as a pigment. In a vein of malachite, 
in the moft eaftern part of Siberia, a mineral is met with 
that hal> fometimes been miftaken for the emerald, and 
fometimes for a cryftallized variety of the green carbonat 
of copper. Haiiy has given the name of dioptafe to this 
mineral, in confequence of a peculiar reflexion of light 
in its interior. 
13. Cuprum ferruginofum, or ferruginous copper-ore ; 
olive-green, foluble in muriatic acid with effervefcence, 
and the l'olution giving a blue precipitate with prufftat 
of potaih, without metallic luftre. Found near Camfdorf 
in Saxony, and near Saalfeld, in coinpabl lumps or fmall 
particles interlperled through other minerals. Texture 
generally more or lefs conchoidal, and is fometimes a lit¬ 
tle fhining: it is compofed of copper, iron, oxygen, and 
carbonic acid. 
14. Cuprum arfenicale, or arfeniat of copper: dull 
olive-green, becoming blue with pruffiat of potafli, emit¬ 
ting arfenical fumes before the blowpipe, and leaving a 
dudfile copper bead. Found in the Carrarack-mine in 
Cornwall, and near Jonfback in Silefia, in cliffs of quartz : 
colour various fliades of green, fometimes inclining to 
brown, generally in tranfparent cryftals of various forms. 
Specific gravity from 2-548 to 4-208. A fine fpecimen, ex¬ 
amined by Klaproth, contained oxyd of copper 50-62, ar¬ 
fenical acid 45, water 3-5. 
15. Cuprum teifellatum, or teflellated copper : green, 
in fmall fhining cluttered cubical cryftals, emitting arfe¬ 
nical fumes when burnt. Found with the preceding, of 
which it feems to be a mere variety. 
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16. Cuprum arenaceum, or muriat of copper: grafs- 
green, foluble in acids without effervefcence, burning 
with green and blue flames when thrown on hot coals. 
This fpecies of copper has only yet been met with in 
America, near the confines of Peru and Chili, it oc¬ 
curred firft in the form of fand, whence the name arena¬ 
ceum j it has fince been met with of a compadf texture. 
The pulverulent form of muriat of copper, called green 
Jand of Peru, is found in a fmall river which lofes itfelf 
in a defert that feparates Chili from Peru. It was brought 
into Europe mixed with land and other earthy particles. 
The green and blue colours, which it gives to the flame 
of a candle, fuflicientiy diftinguifh it from pulverulent 
green carbonat of copper: it emits no fmell of arfenic 
upon the application of the blowpipe ; and may thus be 
diftinguiflied from arfeniat of copper. Its conftituent 
parts, as given by Klaproth, are—oxyd of copper 73, mu¬ 
riatic acid io-1, water 16-9. 
17. Cuprum phofphoratum, or phofphat of copper: 
greyifh-black externally, emerald-green within ; foft, of 
a divergently-fibrous frafture, opake. Lately found at 
Rheinbreidbach near Cologne, in lumps, or difperl'ed 
through other minerals, or in minute fix-fided cluftered 
cryftals ; luftre glafly without, filky internally: it makes 
an apple-green fcratch. Contains oxyd of copper 6-813, 
pholphoric acid 30-95. 
18. Cuprum albidum, or white copper-ore: hardifh, 
whitiih, with a metallic luftre, emitting arfenical va¬ 
pours when burnt. Found with other copper-ores in the 
Middleton Lyas veins, and in the mines of Hungary, Si¬ 
beria, Germany, and Saxony, interfperfed with other 
foftils in larger or fmaller lumps, and fometimes cryftal¬ 
lized in four-fided double pyramids ; colour fteel or fil- 
very grey, often reddifh-brown ; powder grey, with fome¬ 
times a tinge of red ; texture compaft, very brittle, and 
when rubbed emitting the fmell of arfenic. It confills 
of copper, iron, arfenic, fulphur, and fometimes a little 
lilver. 
19. Cuprum purpureum, or purple copper-ore: hardifh, 
with metallic luftre, brittle, red or blue. Found in Ame¬ 
rica, Siberia, Lapland, Norway, Saxony, Germany, &c. 
generally mixed with other ores of copper, in maffes, 
plates, or difleminated ; colour copper-red, brown, pur¬ 
ple, azure, blue or green ; ftreak reddifh and metallic ; 
texture conchoidal, brittle. With nitric acid it effer¬ 
vefces and tinges it green, deflagrates with nitre, and 
melts before the blowpipe with fmell, fmoke, or vapour. 
Contains copper 58, iron 18, fulphur 19, oxygen 5. 
20. Cuprum cinereum, or grey copper-ore ; hardifh, 
brittle, with metallic luftre, compaff, of a fteel-grey co¬ 
lour. Found in Cornwall, Saxony, Hungary, Siberia, 
Germany, &c. fometimes amorphous, fometimes in four- 
fided cryftals with the edges often truncated. Colour 
fteel-grey, often tarnifhed or variegated ; ftreak dark- 
grey, often reddifh-brown ; powder blackifh, with fre¬ 
quently a tinge of red ; with nitre it deflagrates, and 
melts with crackling before the blowpipe : it tinges borax 
yellowifli or brownifh-red. Contains, when pure, cop¬ 
per 31-36, fulphur 11-50, antimony 34-09, filver 14-77, 
iron 3-30, alunvine 0^30. 
21. Cuprum fcctidum, or ftinking copper-ore: hard, 
with metallic luftre, of a lead-colour, and conchoidal 
texture, emitting a difagreeable fmell when pounded. 
Found on the mountain Schlangenburg in Siberia ; con¬ 
tains 45 per cent, of copper, and a little filver. 
22. Cuprum pfittacinum, or peacock's-tail copper ore : 
ponderous, dull parrot-red, radiated, breaking into fplin- 
ters, often forming crufts. Found in the Altaic moun¬ 
tains of Siberia ; and contains from 15 to 20 per cent, of 
copper, and a little filver. 
23. Cuprum Altaicum, or Altaic copper-ore : hardifh, 
with a weak luftre, hoary, brittle, of a fine fplintery tex¬ 
ture. Found in the Altaic mines of Siberia; and con¬ 
tains about the fame proportion of copper as the lall. 
24. Cuprum plumbeum, or leaden copper-ore: of the 
colour 
