M O D 
fmall a community can imitate thofe of fo large an extent, 
AddiJ'on on Italy. 
When they come to model heaven 
And calculate the liars, how they will wield 
The mighty frame ! Milton . 
MOD'ELLER, f. Planner; fchemer; contriver.— Our 
great modellers of gardens have their magazines of plants 
to difpofe of. Spectator. 
MOD'ELLING, J'. The aft of forming; of making 
models. See the article Casting, vol. iii. p. 885-7. 
MODE'NA (Duchy of), a principality of Italy, bounded 
on the north by the duchy of Mantua, on the eall by the 
Bolognefe, on the fouth by the republic of Lucca, and 
on the weft by the duchy of Parma, and part of Tufcany; 
about iixty miles in its greateft length, and from twenty 
to thirty-lix in breadth. The foil reiembles that of the 
duchy of Parma; the agriculture is little fuperior, the 
middle-men and metayers impeding induftry, though 
fome peafants in the mountains are proprietors of land. 
The breed of iheep is neglefted. The country, however, 
abounds in corn, excellent wine, and other productions. 
In fome parts is found a kind of alkaline earth, which, 
being reduced to powder, has been ufed as an antidote 
to poifons, fevers, dyfenteries, and other diforders. In 
other parts wells are dug, forty or fixty feet deep, and 
on the water a reddifh petroleum is feen to float, which 
abounds mod in autumn and fpring: thefe wells are 
enclofed, and every fortnight oil is flammed off the fur- 
face ; and this oil is ufed for embalming, varnifhing, 
painting, and as an ingredient in fome medicinal prepa¬ 
rations. Amber is dug out of a foil impregnated with 
petroleum. This duchy affords a variety of petrifaftions. 
In digging wells near Modena, to a certain depth, a par¬ 
ticular ftratum is found, on penetrating which the water 
gufhes up as from a fubterranean lake or river. About 
ten miles fouth of the capital there is an aperture in the 
earth called La Saha, whence, particularly in fpring and 
autumn, afcend, with a very loud noife, fmoke, flame, 
aihes, and ftones, attended with a very ftrong fmell of 
fulphur. Carrara, in the fouth of this duchy, affords the 
celebrated marble ufed in ftatuary. The chief rivers are 
the Croftolo, the Secchia, and the Panaro. 
This duchy is a remnant of the power of the celebrated 
family of Efte, whofe founder was a perlon of the name 
of Azo, by defcent a Saxon, and count or marquis of 
Efte, which fmall city lies in the diftrift of Padua. Among 
his defcendants w r as Obiffo III. marquis of Efte and Fer¬ 
rara, who again united the city of Modena to his houfe. 
His grandfon Nicholas III. acquired Reggio, Forli, and 
other places in Romandiola. I-Iis fon Borfus, in 1452, 
was by the emperor Frederic III. created Duke of Mo¬ 
dena and Reggio, and Count of Rovigo ; and, in 1470, 
pope Paul II. conferred on him the title of Duke of Fer¬ 
rara. Of the ions of Alphonfo I. the moil remarkable 
were Alphonfo, Hercules II. fourth duke of Ferrara and 
Modena, and Alphonfo I. marquis of Efte, who was his 
natural fon by a woman of mean birth, but afterwards 
his third wife. Hercules II. fon of Alphonfo II. and fifth 
duke of Ferrara and Modena, dying without iifue, the 
emperor Rodolphus II. invefted Csefar, fon of Alphonfo I. 
with Modena, Reggio, and Carpi, as fiefs : but, the duchy 
of Ferrara being claimed by pope Clement VIII. it was 
accordingly aifumed as a fief of the ecclefiaftical ftate. 
Duke Francis I. Caefar’s grandfon, received afterwards 
Corregio, as a fief, from the emperor Ferdinand II. His 
grandfon Francis II. dying without heirs, his fon Rinaldo, 
whom he had by his third wife, reiigned his cardinal’s 
hat, .and fucceeded his brother’s fon in the government. 
In 1710, he purchafcd the duchy of Mirandola, and was 
invefted with it by the emperor. His fon and fucceflor 
Francis Maria, fiding with Spain in the wars after the 
death of Charles VI. loft his dominions ; but at the treaty 
of Aix-la-Chapelle was reinftated. The Hates of the duke 
confifted of the duchy of Modena Proper, the duchies of 
Vol. XV. No. 1069. 
MOD GOo 
Reggio, Mirandola, Mafia, and the principalities of Cor¬ 
regio, Carrara, Carpi, Novellara, &c. During the reign 
of Bonaparte, which produced l'uclj changes in the geo¬ 
graphy as well as the general ftate of Europe, this duchv 
became part of the Cilalpine Republic, afterwards calleii 
the Italian Republic, and then the Kingdom of Italy; 
and was divided into three departments, the Croftolo, the 
Panaro, and the Apennines. At length, by the Treaty 
of Vienna, art. xcviii. (1815.) the duchies of Modena, 
Reggio, and Mirandola, as they exifted previous to the 
Treaty of Campo Formio (1797), are given to the arch¬ 
duke Francis d’Efte, his heirs and fucceft'ors. 
MODE'NA, the capital of the above duchy, the ducal 
refidence, and a bilhop’s fee, is an ancient, large, tolerably- 
built, fortified, town, with a ftrong citadel, containing a 
ducal palace, which is large and fplendid, and diftinguiflred 
by a well-furnilhed pifture-gallery, a cathedral, many pa- 
rilh-churches and convents, and from 25,000 to 30,000 in¬ 
habitants. It is fituated in a fertile plain ; and its llreets 
are, in general, large, ftraight, and ornamented with por¬ 
ticoes and piazzas. The univerfity was for a long time 
under the direftion of eminent profeflors ; and the mag¬ 
nificent college of Charles Boromeo, is an academy for 
feventy or eighty young noblemen. In a chamber under 
the cathedral tower is the curiofity fo much talked of by 
travellers, called “ Secchia rapita,” which is nothing more 
than a well-bucket, with iron hoops, hung up by an iron 
chain, taken in a war from the inhabitants of Bologna, 
and preferved here as a trivial monument of courage and 
viftory. The houfe of Efte polfefied this city ever fince 
the year 1288. It is thirty miles fouth of Mantua. Lat. 
44. 38. N. Ion. 10. 56. E. 
MODENO'RE, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Condapilly .- twenty miles north-w'eft of Mafulipatam. 
MOD'ERABLE, adj. [from moderabilis, Lat.] Tempe¬ 
rate ; meafurable ; governable. Not noiu in ufe. Cockeram. 
MOD'ERATE, adj. [moderates, <Lat. modere, Fr.] 
Temperate ; not exceflive.—Sound fleep cometh of mode¬ 
rate eating, but pangs of the belly are with an infatiable 
man. Ecclus. xxxi, 20.—Not hot of temper.—A number 
of moderate members managed with io much art as to ob¬ 
tain a majority, in a thin houfe, for palling a vote, that 
the king’s concefiions were a ground for a future lettle- 
ment. Swift.— Not luxurious; not expenfive : 
There’s not fo much left as to furnilh out 
A moderate table. Shakej'peare's Timor. 
Not extreme in opinion ; not fanguine in a tenet.—Thefe 
are tenets which the moderatefl of the Romanilts will not 
venture to affirm. Smalridge. —Placed between extremes; 
holding the mean.—Quietly conlider the trial that hath 
been thus long had of both kinds of reformation ; as w ell 
this moderate kind, which the church of England hath 
taken, as that other more extreme and rigorous, which 
certain churches elfewhere have better liked. Hooker. — 
Of the middle rate : 
More 7noderatc gifts might have prolong’d his date, 
Too early fitted for a better ftate. Dryden. 
To MOD'ERATE, v. a. [rrioderor , Lat. modtrer, Fr.] 
To regulate ; to reftrain ; to Hill; to pacify ; to quiet; to 
reprefs.—Mailers, do the fame things unto them, forbear¬ 
ing [in the margin, moderating ] threatening. Eph. vi. 9. 
With equal meafure ihe did moderate 
The ftrong extremities of their rage. Spenfer. 
To make temperate; to qualify.—He moderated io his 
mete and his drinke, that he was at noo tyme fatter nor 
leener. Ld. Rivers's Hides and Sayings of the PhiloJ. 1477. 
Ye fwarthy nations of the torrid zone, 
How well to you is this great bounty known ? 
For frequent gales from the wide ocean rife 
To fan your air, and moderate your Ikies. Blackmore , 
To decide as a moderator.—It pafleth mine ability to mo¬ 
derate the queftion, Carew's Survey of Cornwall , 
7 P 
To 
