616 MOGUL. 
to extend his dominions, though he tranfmitted them to ftru&ion of the monarchy which he had erected, they were 
Ids fon Ulug Beg. He proved a wife arid learned mo- feparated again by the ancient feuds, and have ever fince, 
narch ; and 'is famous for the aftronomical tables which to their mutual ruin, been engaged in almoft perpetual 
lie caufed to be compofed, and which are well known at lioftilities. The Mongoles , properly fo called, compofe 
this day. He was killed in 144? by his fon Abdollatif, the one, and the Doerbcen-Oircet the other, of thefe na- 
who fix months after was put to death by his own fol- tions. Doerbcen-Oirset means the “quadruple alliance;” 
diers. After the death of Abdollatif, Abdollah, a grand- and is the common appellation of four principal races, 
fon of Shah Rukh, feized the throne; but, after reigning viz. the Oeloet, Kho-it,Tummut, and Barga-Burat. The 
one year, was expelled by Abufaid Mirza, the grandfon Oeloet conftitutes that branch which in Weftern Afia and 
of Miran Shah the lbn of Timur. His reign was one con* in Europe is known under the name of Kaltnucks, which 
tinued fcene of wars and tumults ; till at laft he was de- fee : the fecond Ihoot, Kho-it, is almoft extinft, if we ex- 
feated and taken prifoner by one Hafian Beg, who put cept fome remains among the Soongares and Mongoles : 
him to death in 1468. From this time we may look upon of the Tummut, even the place of their prefent abode is 
the empire of Timur as entirely difl'olved, though his de- not certainly known ; and the fourth ftem, Barga-Burat, 
fcendants ftill reigned in Perfia and Hindooftan, the hat- which probably, at the time of the troubles excited by 
ter of which is ftill known by the name of the Mogul Gengis, took up its refidence in the mountains about the 
Empire . Baikal, has, with all its branches, ever fince the coriqueft 
On the death of the above-mentioned monarch, his fon of Siberia, been under the Ruffian fovereignty. The 
Babr or Baber fucceeded him. This prince reigned over Mongoles comprehend the remainder of that people who 
a kingdom compofed generally of the provinces fituated were driven out of China in the fourteenth century by 
between the Indus and Samarcand. Being difpoftelfed of the dynafty of Ming, and are at prefent for the moft part 
the northern part of his dominions by the Ulbecs, he de- under the Mandfhoo l'overeigns of that empire; though 
termined to try his fortune in Hindooftan, whofe diftradted a fmall portion of them own the Ruffian fceptre. Since^ 
ftate under Ibrahim II. in 1516, encouraged his hopes of the demolition of the Soongarian authority, and the re- 
conqueft. His firft expedition from Cabul, where he re- ftoration of peace in the Mongoley, they have inhabited 
lided, acrofs the Indus, was undertaken in 1518; this was the fpacious region between Siberia and China Proper, 
fucceeded by four others, and in the fifth (A. D. 1515), he from the Eaftern Ocean to the Soongarey ; and at prefent 
defeated the emperor of Delhi, and put an end to the dy- there is fcarcely any difcernible difference between the 
nafty of Lodi. He reigned only five years in Hindooftan, yellow Mongoles, living from remote ages under the Chi- 
chiefly employing himfelf in the redudtion of the eaftern nefe proteftion, and the former Gengifes, or Kalkas- 
provinces. It was in the perfon of Baber that the line of Mongoles. 
Tamerlane firft mounted the throne of Hindooftan ; and When Siberia was conquered by the Ruffians at the be¬ 
lt was in that of Akbar, his grandfon, that it was efta- ginning of the feventeenth century, the Mongoles, or 
blifhed. The conqueft of their anceftor, about a century Moguls, were ftill a numerous and free people, governed 
and a half before, had no fhare in effecting the prefent fet- by their own khans_, under whole fovereignty were alfo 
tlement- Baber was, in reality, the founder of the Mogul feveral Siberian nations. At firft they fubmitted to the 
dynafty ; and from this event Hindooftan derived the ap- Ruffian arms; foon afterwards they regained their liberty, 
pe'lation of the “ Mogul Empire.” and even granted fupport to feveral nations of Siberia in 
The princes of the houfe of Timur, fince their firft efta- their refiftance to that power. In their inteftine wars 
blifhment on the throne, eagerly purfued the conqueft of with the Kalmucks, they were generally conquerors, with 
the Deccan, not confidering that this region, which pof- the lofs, however, of one race after the other. Their fre- 
feffed ample refources within itfelf, and innumerable ad- quent and bloody wars with China were ftill more unfor- 
vantages in point of fecurity from an enemy without, was tunate in their iifue, as their perpetual feuds finally ter- 
allo lituated at fuch a diftance from the capital, as to hold minated in a complete fubjugation. At prefent they are 
out to its viceroy the temptation of independence when- not in a condition to liberate themfelves from the yoke ; 
ever a favourable opportunity offered. Perhaps, fays though they have preferved their paternal feat, and often- 
major Rennell, if the Deccan had been originally left to it- fibly live under the government of their own hereditary 
felf, the pofterity of Timur might ftill have fwayed the princes. The Moguls, who now form a part of the inha- 
fceptre ot Hindooftan. In procefs of time the Mogul em- bitants of the Ruffian empire, withdrew themfelves in the 
pire became merely nominal; and the emperors were re- feventeenth century from the Chinele dominions, and put 
garded as of no political confequence, otherwife than as themfelves under the Ruffian fupremacy ; but this fecef- 
their names and perfons were made ufe of by different fion was reftrained by a border-treaty entered into in the 
parties to forward their own views. The Mogul empire eighteenth century between Ruffia and China, the former 
attained its full meafure of extent under the reign of Au- ftipulating not to give admittance any more to Mongolian 
rungzebe. In this empire many parts of it were icoo runaways. The Ruffian Mongoles inhabit the regions 
miles diftant from the feat of government; and according- about the Selenga, in the Irkutikoi diftridt of the govern- 
ly its hiltory is one continued leffon to l'overeigns, not to ment of Irkutlk ; their dwelling-place extending from the 
gral'p at too much dominion, and to mankind to circum- i22d to the 125th degree of longitude, and between the 
fcribe the undertakings of their rulers. ReimelVsMemoirs, 50th and 53d degree of north latitude. They confift of 
Inlrod . See Hindoostan. fevenftems,and thefe of twenty families or aymaclis , which. 
With the fall of the Grand Mongolian or Mogul em- by the enumeration of the year 1766, comprifed, befides 
pire of the Gengifes began alfo the epocha of their de- 219 baptized, 6918 males. 
cline: their dillolution into Ifnaller ftates, which parted The vaftcountryoftheMongoles,or Moguls,isbounded 
again into fmaller ftill, and were then reduced to fubjec- on the north by Siberia, on the eaft by Eaftern Chinele 
tion, at length brought about a divifion into Items and Tartary, on the fouth by the Great Wall and Leao-tong, 
hordes,and, confequently, a complete retrogradation from and on the w-eft by Independent Tartary. It was partly 
the ftate of civilization to the condition of raw unculti- from thefe dry deferts that thole conquerors iflued, who 
vated man. We have Ihown, that many centuries ago made all Ana tremble. The Mogul nation is lub-divided 
the Moguls were divided into two leading nations, whole into a multitude of others, who all fpeak the fame lan- 
partiticn might be owing either to national circum- guage, called the Mogul language, comprehending l'eve- 
ftances, or t <5 a natural feparation by mountains, and af- ral dialedts underftood by one another. Thele have nei- 
terwnrds kept up by the leparate interefts of their princes, ther towns, villages, nor houfes ; they form themfelves 
or from a national enmity occafioned by perpetual difien- into wandering hordes, and live under plain tents, which 
lions. Thele two nations were brought to an union into they tranfport from one place to another, according to 
one common ftate by the great Gengis; but, on the de- the temperature of the different leafons, or the wants of 
their 
