614 
MON 
namous; Item acute-angled. Root perennial. Stems 
about two feet high, fmooth, acute-angled. Leaves in¬ 
dented on the edges, on very fnort footftalks ; when 
bruifed they emit a very grateful refrefhing odour. To¬ 
wards the top of the plant come out two or four fmall 
tide-branches, with fmaller leaves of the fame (liape. The 
flowers are produced in large heads or whorls at the top 
of the ftalk, and there is often a fmaller whorl at a joint 
below the head ; and out of the head arifes a naked pe¬ 
duncle, fuftaining a fmall head or whorl. The flowers 
are of a bright red colour; many of them have two fliorter 
ftamens without anther*, befides the tw'o longer fertile 
ones. They come out in July, and in a moift feafon, or 
when the plants grow in a moift foil, they continue till 
the middle or end of September. Linnseus remarks, that 
the upper leaves are canefcent. Native of Ofwego in 
North America. Introduced in 1755, by Peter Collinfon, 
efq. This is delineated on the preceding Plate, at fig. 2. 
4. Monarda rugofa, or white monarda: leaves ovate- 
lanceolate, cordate, fmooth, wrinkled. This refembles 
the next fpecies ; but the leaves are longer, fmooth, wrin¬ 
kled a little like thole of fage, and the flowers white. 
Native of North America; and it flow'ers from July to 
September. 
"5. Monardaclinopodia, or wild bafil-leaved monarda: 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the bafe, unequal, 
fmooth. Root creeping. It has the appearance of the 
third fort as to its ftature, but has the leaves of Clinopo- 
■dium incanum 5 nor is the fpike red, but purple. It is 
diltindt from the firft by the great fmoothnefs of the leaves ; 
which are ovate-oblong, acuminate, deeply ferrate, pe- 
tioled, fmooth and even on both hides. Stem more fharply 
quadrangular than the firft, but lefs fo than the third. 
Flowers in a head radiated with braftes, pale. Native of 
Virginia. 
6. Monarda punCtata, or fpotted monarda : flowers in 
■whorls ; corollas dotted ; braCtes coloured. Stems about 
two feet high, branching out from the bottom to the top. 
.Leaves lanceolate, coming out in clufters at each joint, 
where there are two larger leaves, and feveral fmaller ones 
•on each fide : the larger leaves are two inches and a half 
long, three quarters of an inch broad, and flightly in¬ 
dented on their edges. Towards the upper part of the 
Hem the flowers come out in large whorls, with an invo¬ 
lucre to each whorl compofed of ten or twelve fmall lan¬ 
ceolate leaves, of a purplifh red colour on their upper fide; 
four larger, and four fmaller, befides the leaves of the 
whorls : the flowers are pretty large, of a dirty yellow co¬ 
lour fpotted w'ith purple. It is a biennial plant; and pro¬ 
bably in North America, its native country, it may be 
annual; for the roots perifli here, after the plants have 
perfected their feeds. It is a native of Maryland and 
Virginia; and flowers here from June to October. Mr. 
Thomas Fairchild cultivated it in 1714. 
7. Monarda allophylla, or various-leaved monarda: 
leaves oblong, ferrated ; calyx bearded at the border; 
flowers capitate, terminal. Found by Michaux in North 
America, from whom and Vahl all that we know' of it is 
collected. The former lays, that the Ihape, ferratures, 
and pubefcence, of its leaves, are fo various as to induce 
a luppolition that its varieties may conftitute different 
fpecies. Flowers flelh-coloured. 
8. Monarda ciliata, or ciliated monarda : flow’ers in 
whorls; corollas longer than the involucre. Root creep¬ 
ing. Stem hairy, thickilh, a foot high and more, with 
few joints ; from the lower of thefe the leaves are round- 
i(h, an inch long, notched, petioled ; from the two upper 
ones the leaves are long and narrower, crenate, feffile. 
The three or four upper joints have large whorls of flow¬ 
ers, w'ith about ten Ihort broadilh leaflets under them. 
Flowers large, blue, elegantly marked with dark purple 
ipots. Found in Virginia by Ranilter. 
Propagation and Culture. The' firft five fpecies may be 
propagated by parting their roots. The firft does not 
anultiply fo fait as the third ; but, as that produces plenty 
MON 
of feeds, fo it may be eafily propagated that way. If the 
feeds ate fown in the autumn loon after they are ripe, the 
plants wall come up the following fpring; but, if they 
are not fown till fpring, the plants feldom rife till the 
next year. When the plants are come up and are fit to 
remove, they fhould be tranfplanted into a Ihady border 
about nine inches diftance ; and, when they have taken 
new r root, they will require no other care but to keep 
them clean from weeds till the autumn, when they fiiould 
be tranfplanted into the borders where they are to remain. 
The followdng fummer they will flower and produce ripe 
feeds, but the roots will continue feveral years, and may 
be parted every other year to increafe them. This loves 
a foft loamy foil, and a fituation not too much expofed to 
the fun. 
The third fort feldom ripens feeds in England ; but it 
increafes faft enough by its creeping roots, as alfo by flips 
or cuttings, which, if planted in a Ihady border in May, 
will take root in the fame manner as mint or balm ; but, as 
the roots multiply fo faft, there is feldom occafion to ufe 
any other method to propagate them. This fort loves a 
moift light foil; and, in a fituation where the plants have 
only the morning fun, they will continue longer in flower 
than thole which are expofed to the full fun. This is a 
very ornamental plant in gardens, and the fcent of the 
leaves is very refrelhing and agreeable to molt people, and 
fome are very fond of the tea made with the young leaves. 
The fixth is propagated by feeds, fowm on a border of 
light earth expofed to the eaft. When the plants are fit to 
remove, they may be tranfplanted into a Ihady border; 
and, if they fliould llioot up ftalks to flower, they fliould 
be cut down to ftrengthen the roots, that they may put 
out lateral buds ; for, when they are permitted to flower 
the firft year, the roots feldom live through the winter. 
In autumn the plants may be removed into the open bor¬ 
ders of the pleafure-garden, where they will flower the 
following fummer ; and, if the feafon Ihould prove dry, 
they fliould be duly watered. See Ballota. 
MONAR'DES (Nicholas), a Spanilh phyfician, was 
born at Seville in the early part of the fixteen century. 
He received his education at the univerfity of Alcala de 
Henarez, and fettled in the practice of his profeflion in 
his native city. Little is recorded refpeCting his life, 
which terminated at the fame place in the year 1578. He 
was confiderably diftinguiihed, however, by his writings, 
the firft of which related to a controverted queftion, and 
was entitled, “ De Secanda Vena in Pleuritide inter Gras- 
cos et Arabes Concordia Hifpal. 1539. His next w'as a 
trafr, “ De Rofa et partibus ejus ; de Succi Rolarum tem- 
peratura, &c.” But his reputation w r as chiefly extended 
by his work, in the Spanilh language, concerning the me¬ 
dicinal fubftances imported from the new world, entitled, 
“ Dos Libros de las Colas que fe traen de las Indias Oc- 
cidentales, que firven al ufo de Medicina Sevilla, 1565. 
It w'as reprinted in 1569 and 1580, and to the latter edi¬ 
tion a third book was added. Charles l’Eclufe, or Clu- 
fius, tranflated this w'ork into Latin, with the title of 
“ Simplicium Medicamentorum ex Novo Orbe delatorum, 
quorum in Medicina ulus eft, Hiftoriaj” Antw. 1574, and 
improved it by his annotations, and the addition of figures. 
It was alfo tranflated into Italian and French. The bo- 
tanift will feek in vain for accuracy in his defcriptions ; 
but the work was uleful, by exciting the public attention 
to medicines heretofore little known. Monardes alfo pub- 
lifhed three works in Spanilh, which were tranflated into 
Latin by l’Eclufe, w’ith the title of “ Nicolai Monardi 
Libri tres, magna Medicine Secreta et varia Experimenta 
continentes,” Lugd. 1601. The firft of thefe relates to 
the lapis bezoardicus ; the fecond, to the ufe and pro¬ 
perties of fteel, which he w'as the firft after Rhazes to re¬ 
commend as a deobftruent, according to Dr. Freind ; and 
the third, to the efficacy of fnow. Gen. Biog. 
MO'NAS, f. in helminthology, a genus of vermes of 
the order infuforia. Generic characters—Worm invifible 
to the naked eye, molt Ample, pellucid relembling a point. 
3 There 
