MON 
M O N 
Holland, fituated on the river Monick, on the borders of 
the Zuyder See, with a fmall port. It had a tenth voice 
among the fmall cities of the province, and was governed 
by ah efcout, and twenty-one council, out of whom were 
chofen four burgo-mafters, feven echevins, and two fe- 
cretaries. In the year 1515 the whole town was burned 
down, except the church of St. Nicholas. The inhabi¬ 
tants took a confiderable part in a lea-fight between the 
Spanilh and Dutch fleets in the year 1573, near Hoorn, in 
the Zuyder See; and they preferve in the town-houl'e a 
collar of the order of the Golden Fleece, taken from the 
Spanilh admiral by Cornelius Dirczen, a native of Moni- 
kedam, then admiral of the Dutch fleet. It is three miles 
l'outh of Edam, and nine north-eaft of Amfterdam. Lat. 
52. 29. N. Ion. 4. 52. E. 
MONIL'IA, f. [from monile, Lat. a necklace, alluding 
to the beaded appearance of the threads, which are fup- 
pofed to be the feat of the frudlification.] In botany, a 
genus of the clafs cryptogamia, order fungi. Eflential 
generic charadler—Stalked or dilperfed, fibrous; threads 
beaded or jointed. Perfoon defines twelve fpecies of this 
minute but curious genus. They are found on various 
putrifying vegetable lubllances ; fometimes on the dung 
of animals. The author juft mentioned difpofes them in 
three fedtions. 
I. Monilia. Stalked; the threads collected into a round head. 
1. Monilia aurea: vivid orange or golden colour; a 
little Ihorter in height than the following ones ; the in¬ 
ternal and external ftrudture the fame. It is found in 
fummer, thriving and happy, upon old, half-putrid, greafy, 
mufty, wooden trenchers, left negledled in cellars. 
2. Monilia fuiphurea. The light colour of brimftone 
diftinguiihes this fpecies ; but it turns fometimes towards 
the warmer tint of yellow ochre. Rottening apples in 
damp cellars, and other fruit in rapjd decay, are fre¬ 
quently the birth-place of this fungus; and theM’pring 
brings it into life. 
3. Monilia rofea : pink-colour. This feems to abide in 
the fame places with M. aurea: a little lefts fcarce, and 
larger; its tint between the pink and the rofe. It is a 
fummer-plant. 
4. Monilia glauca: fea-green ; the.ftalks wdiite or 
greenifli ; the caps a mixture of alh-colour and light 
grey. This common fpecies not only thrives in damp 
cellars upon mouldering fruit, but alfo upon the putref- 
cent wood of fir and pine trees ; peculiarly in fpring. 
When examined with a microfcope, each minute indivi¬ 
dual proves to be a globofe head of threads, radiating in 
every direction, and fupported by a long flender ftalk. 
The texture is fo tender and evanefeent, that the plant 
cannot be preferved. 
5. Monilia penicillus: cluftered, lemon-coloured, per¬ 
manent; ftalk downy; threads even. Found by Perfoon 
on the dung of mice, but very rarely. The texture is du¬ 
rable. Stalks rigid, Ihorter than the former, their height 
fcarcely exceeding the diameter of the head. The threads 
are fmooth, not beaded, forming an exception to the ge¬ 
neric charadler, fo that Perfoon juftly doubts whether 
this little plant be properly referred to Monilia. It can 
hardly, however, be reduced to any other known genus. 
6 . Monilia pulla : ruflet-colour. It is found in fimilar 
places with M. aurea and rofea ; yet not often ; and, when 
ever, in Auguft. 
The fix fpecies above mentioned are very fimilar to 
each other in ftiape, and differ only in colour. They 
fometimes occur imperfect, fquat, or feflile, without fliape; 
at other times vigorous, well-figured, and boldly ftalked ; 
the ftalk varying according to the thicknefs of the fungus. 
The joints of the fibres are fo fmall, that they cannot be 
feen without the afliftance of ftrongly-magnifying glafTes. 
7. Monilia Candida: white. This is fmall, not inele¬ 
gant, permanent, with a bold and firm pivot. It is found 
in the putrefeent bark of divers trees; fometimes in aga¬ 
rics indurated through putrelcency ; and then they ba- 
'Vcl. XV. No. 1074. 
669 
lanee gently upon a hair-fhaped pedicle, the fpherical fliape 
of their cap. Flourifh in fummer and Auguft. 
II. Afpergillus. Caulefcent; headsJiraight, digitate. ■ 
8. Monilia digitata : fmall, gregarious, glaucous, or of 
a mixture of white blended with afh-colour; ftalk Ample, 
thin, fubarticulated; the heads or caps digitated; the di¬ 
gits diftindfly articulated, thicker, more or lefs thickly 
conjoined, fometimes branched. This fmall parafite ad¬ 
heres to decayed bark, putrefeent fungi, &c. in the fpring 
and autumn ; compofing greyilh uneven tufts, of an ex ¬ 
tremely delicate and minute ftrudture. 
III. Torula. Difpei'fed, Jlemlefs; threads irregularly 
Jcaltci-ed, rnitjly. 
9. Monilia antennata: difperied, black; joints of the 
threads ovate. Common in autumn on the trunks of 
trees, or on pales, which it renders black in patches. In 
fummer it is laid by Perfoon to be, in a young ftate, ten¬ 
der, more fcattered, and almoft of an olive colour. 
10. Monilia frudtigena : a little pulverulent; the joints 
of the threads oval, oblong, cylindrical; fometimes con¬ 
tiguous, at other times divided by petioles. It lurks about 
the fkin of unripe plums, rottening in gardens, or on the 
furface of putrid apples in cellars, in fpring and autumn. 
11. Monilia ochroleuca: globular, ocliracecus, filled 
with radiant down. 
12. Monilia leprofus: fetaceous; heads radical. 
Such minute predudtions as this, muft neceflarily be 
liable to confufion. Thofe who ftudy Conferva:, and look 
no further, would confider the prefent as of that genus ; 
Lichenographifts might luppofe it a Collema, deftitute of 
frudlification, or more probably a Lepraria, confifting of 
nothing elfe. The patient obfervers of thefe intricate 
works of creation do great fervice in coliedfing them to¬ 
gether, even under a confined or partial view of the fub- 
jedf, for the ufie of thofe who can conlider it on a larger 
fcale ; becaufe every body cannot be lb laborioully intent 
on every department of nature. 
MONILIF'ERA, f. in botany. See Osteospermu,m. 
MONIL'IFORM, aclj. in botany; beaded like a neck¬ 
lace. 
MONIMAS'CA, a town of Africa, in Cacongo, on the 
right bank of the Zaire. Lat. 5. 55. S. Ion. 12. 50. E. 
MON'IMENT, f [monimento , Ital. monimentum, or 
monumentum, Lat. from moueo.] A memorial; a record: 
That as a facred fymbole it may dwell 
In her fonne’s flefti, to mind revengement. 
And be for all chafte dames an endlefs monimeut. Spenfer. 
A mark ; a fuperfeription ; an image : 
Some others were new driven, and diftenl 
Into great ingoes, and to wedges fquare; 
Some in round plates withouten muniment. Spenjet. 
MONJOU'L, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar : forty- 
five miles eaft of Hajypour. Lat. 25. 34. N. Ion. 85 . 
18. E. 
MONJOY', a town of France, in the department of the 
Roer : nineteen miles fouth of Juliets: Lat. 50. 37. N. 
Ion. 6. 15. E. 
To MON'ISH, v. a. [ moneo , Lat. a contradlion of admo - 
nijh. Dr. Johnfon.—It is not a contraftion, but the Saxon 
verb mom an, monejian ; and is old in our language; 
probably in ufe before admonijh. It was written alfo mo- 
neft, as well as moniih. Todd.] To warm ; to couniel ; to 
admonilh.— Monijh him gently, which lhall make him both 
willing to amend, and giad to go forward in love. AJ~ 
chains Schoolmajler. 
For I you praie and eke moncjic, 
Nought to refufin our requelte. Chaucer . 
Now worthy women, in this brJade Ihort, 
Of charite I rnonijhe and exhorte. Chaucer. 
MON'ISHER, f . An admonifner; a monitor. 
. 8 II .. MON'ISH- 
