m M o N K. 
MONK (George), Duke of Albermarle, an eminent in which it had been left. He then accepted a command 
character in Engliih hiftory, was the fon of fir Thomas in Scotland under Cromwell, who formed a regiment for 
Monk, of Potheridge in Devonfliire, a gentlemen of good him, and made him lieutenant-general of artillery. He 
family, but of reduced fortune. He was born in 1608, performed important fervices on various occafions, parti- 
and received his education chiefly from the care of his cularly at the battle of Dunbar; and, when Cromwell left 
maternal grandfather fir George Smith, with whom he Scotland in purfuit of Charles II. who had entered En»-- 
refided. The fpirited adtion of caning an under-lheritf land, Monk was left to command in that country with 
who, contrary to his promife, had arrefted his father at a 7000 men. In this ftation headted with great vigour and 
public meeting of the county, obliged him, in order to fuccefs. He belieged and took Stirling-caftle, whence he 
avoid its confequences, to enter, at the age of leventeen, fent all the records of the kingdom to London. He 
as a volunteer under his kinfman fir Richard Granville, ftormed Dundee ; and, imitating the l'everity of Crom- 
* then preparing to embark at Plymouth on an expedition well in Ireland, put the governor and all the men in arms 
againlt the Spaniards. After his return, he ferved in the to the fword. This example deterred other places from 
next year as enfign in the expedition to the Hies of Rhe refiftance; and he became mafter of the whole country, 
and Oleron. The ill fuccefs of thefe two mifmanaged en- with the exception of fome of the inacceflible parts in the 
terprifes did not difguft him with a military life ; and in Highlands. An illnefs obliged him to go to Bath in 1652; 
1629 he went to ferve in the Low Countries, firft under whence, after his recovery, he returned to Scotland as one 
lord Oxford, and then under lord Goring, the latter of of the commiflioners for its union with the Engliih com, 
whom advanced him to the rank of captain. During a monwealth. 
fervice of ten years, he was prefent at various fieges and The Dutch war in the mean time broke out; and in 
battles, and laid in a Itock of profeflional knowledge, 1653 Monk was transferred to the fea-fervice. “ He was 
which qualified him for a higher command. He returned now,” Cays Dr. Campbell, in his Lives of the Admirals, 
to England juft at the time that the difcontents of the “ nearly forty-five years of age, which feemed a little of 
Scotch with the meafures of Charles I. broke out into a the lateft to bring a man into a new fcene of life ; yet it 
civil war; and he obtained the poft of lieutenant-colonel mult be remembered, that he was bred in a maritime coun¬ 
in the regiment of lord Newport, when the king marched try, and had ferved at lea in his youth ; fo that the pre- 
an army to the frontiers of Scotland. In this expedition ferment was not abfolutely out of his way ; or, if it was, 
no laurels were to be gained ; and Monk gladly engaged he loon made it appear that he could eafily accommodate 
in the more active fervice of quelling the Irilh rebellion, himfelf to any fervice that might be beneficial to his 
in the capacity of colonel of lord Leicefter’s own regiment, country.” In 1653 he engaged, with the fleet of which 
When the marquis of Ormond, in 1643, had ligned a he had the command, the Dutch fleet; and, being on- 
truce with the Irilh rebels in order that the army might board the Refolution with admiral Deane, who in the 
be employed in the king’s fervice againft the parliament very beginning of the aftion was killed by a chain-lhot, 
in England, Monk returned with his regiment; but it a new invention afcribed to De Witte, Monk with great 
appears that he had fallen under fome fufpicion of being prefence of mind threw his own cloak over the dead body, 
inclined to the caufe of the parliament, lince orders were and, having.taken two or three turns on the deck, and en- 
given to arreft him on his arrival, and his regiment was couraged the men to do their duty, ordered it to be re¬ 
taken from him. He was, however, fuffered to go to Ox- moved into his cabin. The conteft lafted two days, and 
ford on his parole ; where he 1b well juftified himfelf to the at length terminated in a complete victory obtained by the 
king, that he was raifed to the rank of major-general in Engliih. Van Tromp foon after fitted out another fleet, 
the Irilh brigade, then employed under lord Byron in.the with which, on the 29th of July, he engaged the Engliih 
fiege of Nantwich. He joined the troops only in time to under Monk. The Dutch admiral was killed in the ac- 
be made priloner, with the whole brigade, on a furprife tion ; and a moil deciiive vidtory accrued to the Engliih, 
by Fairfax ; and, being fent to the Tower of London, he teftified by the capture or deftrudtion of more than thirty 
was kept there in dole confinement till November 1646. Ihips ; and, the moment the refult was known, the States 
During this ftate of inaction he compol'ed “ Obfervations General were obliged to fend their minilters here to con- 
on Military and Political Affairs,” which he fent in MS. elude a peace upon any terms that could be obtained, 
to lord Lille, by whole dire&ion they were publiflied after At an entertainment fubfequent to the thankfgiving for 
his death. Through the intereft of the above lord Lille, this viftory, Cromwell, now protestor, with his own hand 
eldeft fon of the earl of Leicefter, who was made deputy put a gold chain around the neck of his luccefsful admiral, 
of Ireland by the parliament, Monk was liberated on con- After this he was employed again in Scotland, and con¬ 
dition of taking the covenant, and accompanied the de- du&ed the government with which he was entrufted, fo 
puty to that kingdom, where the marquis of Ormond as to conciliate the perfonal good-will of the nation, how- 
was in arms for the king, and Owen Roe O'Neal main- ever difafrefted, in their hearts, to the rule to which they 
tained the rebellion of the natives. Monk was at length were forced to fubmit. His former attachment to the 
appointed commander-in-chief for the parliament in the royal caufe excited fome diftruft of him on the part of 
north of Ireland, where he obliged O'Neal to raife the Cromwell, and fome hopes of him in the royalifts ; but 
iiege of Londonderry, and obtained various advantages he was very cautious, and took care to give no ground of 
over him. The fuperiority of the royalifts, however, and fufpicion by his actions. By his letters and by his con- 
the unwillingnefs of the Scotch troops to aft with thole duft there i'eems now no doubt that, he was fteadily and 
of the parliament, fo embarralfed him, that he found it ftrongly attached to Cromwell, to whom he not only 
neceflary to make a treaty with O’Neal, and to put Dun- communicated all that he could difcover of the king’s in- 
dalk into the hands of lord Incliiquin, commander for telligence with others, but fent him alfo a copy of the 
the king ; after which he returned to England. The letter written by king Charles II. to himfelf, which for 
parliament was highly difpleal'ed with this termination; a confiderable time was confidered as a proof of Monk’s 
and, in Auguft 1649, palled a vote of difapprobation of early affcftion for the king’s fervice, a fuppolition that is 
the treaty with O'Neal, at the fame time foftening the now clearly and abfolutely overturned. Cromwell, how- 
cenfure with regard to Monk himfelf, and declaring that ever, was fufpicious of him to the laft; and but a fliort 
he lhould not be queltioned for his conduft. He took time before his death he wrote to Monk himfelf a long 
the vote, however, as a high affront, and is thought never letter, concluding with the following poftfeript: “ There 
to have forgiven it. be that tell me, that there is a certain cunning fellow in 
An interval of relaxation enfued, during which, Monk’s Scotland, called George Monk, who is laid to lie in wait 
elder brother dying, the family-eftate devolved upon him, there to introduce Charles Stuart. I pray you ufe your 
and he took care to retrieve it from the ruinous condition diligence to apprehend him, and lend him up to me," 
Immediately 
