G96 1M O N 
by a bra&e, exactly refembling the fcales of the ftem, ra¬ 
ther ihorter than the flower, which, with its very fliort 
partial ftalk, is nearly an inch long. Sometimes the fta- 
mens, and inner-fide of the petals, are hairy. Willdenow 
lays there is a variety with upright flowers, which is occa- 
fionally fingle-flowered. 
2. Monotropa lanuginofa, or downy bird’s-neft : flow¬ 
ers {piked, all over downy, as well as their braftes. Sent 
from North America, by Kalm, to Linnaeus, who con¬ 
founded it with the former. Michaux gathered the fame 
in the woods of North Carolina. He defcribes it as hav¬ 
ing the habit of the foregoing, but fmaller in all its parts, 
varying with a drooping or upright fpike, the flowers 
turned all one way. The fcales of the flem are rather 
pointed. The flem, fcales, petals, and every other part of 
the flowers, are clothed with fine, loft, denl'e, hairs, pecu¬ 
liar to this lpecies. 
3. Monotropa uniflora, or drooping fingle-flowered 
bird’s-neft : ftem fingle-flowered ; fcales bluntifh ; flower 
pendulous. Native of Maryland, Virginia, and Canada, 
Linn, of fhady woods in South Carolina, Michaux. Root 
a denfe congeries of entangled fibres. Stem about fix 
inches high, feldom quite ftraight in any part; angular, 
f'mooth. Flower terminal, folitary, perfectly pendulous, 
the upper part of the ftem, for about an inch, being curved 
into an arch ; corolla bell-fhaped, the fize of the firfl fpe- 
cies, or bigger ; ftamens ten, hairy. 
4. Monotropa Morifoniana, or upright fingle-flowered 
bird’s-neft : ftem fingle-flowered, ftraight; fcales lanceo¬ 
late ; flower ereCl. Native of the fhady woods of Caro¬ 
lina. A fpecimen, fent by Kalm from North America, is 
confounded in the Linntean Herbarium with the laft. 
The ftem of the prefent fpecies is nearly twice the height 
of M. uniflora, perfe&ly ftraight, except its taper bale, 
which is flightly fiexuofe ; the fcales larger, more lanceo¬ 
late and acute, efpecially fhe upper ones ; the flower al¬ 
ways perfectly ereCl, about the fize of the laft, or rather 
bigger, with ten petals, and as many hairy ftamens. 
Propagation and Culture. No fuccefsful attempt, as far 
as we have heard, was ever made to cultivate any of this 
genus; yet, as gardeners now lucceed with feveral of the 
Orchideae, at one time thought quite as unmanageable, 
we know not why they fhould defpair, even of thefe para- 
fitical plants. Rotten flumps of fir, placed fo as to receive 
their minute feeds, and then removed into a fit fituation, 
might poffibly attain the clefired end. 
MONOU', a country of Africa, fituated to the north 
of the Grain Coaft. 
MONOVAR', a town of Spain, in Valencia : twenty- 
one miles weft of Alicant. 
MONOU'LLAH, a town of Eengal: twelve miles 
north-weft of Goragot. 
MONOYE'R (John-Baptift). See Baptist, vol. ii. 
p. 701. 
MONPA'RA, a river on the weft coaft of the ifland of 
Borneo, which runs into the lea in lat. o. 36. N. Ion. 109. 
33-E. 
MONOVA'R, a town of Spain, in Valencia: twenty- 
one miles weft of Alicant. 
MONPA'DRE, a town of the ifland of Margaretta. 
MONPAZIE'R, a town of France, and feat of a tri¬ 
bunal, in the department of the Dordogne : eighteen 
miles fouth-wfft of Sarlat, and feven fouth-weft of Belvez. 
Lat. 44.40. N. Ion. o. 39. E. 
MONPON', a town of France, in the department of 
the Dordogne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCl 
of Riberac. The place contains 1500, and the canton 
5615, inhabitants. 
MONPRE'IS, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Stiria : eight miles fouth-eaft of Cilley. 
MONQUE'GNA, or Monouegua, a jurifdi&ion of 
South America, in the bifhopric of Arequipa. Thisju- 
rifdi&ion extends at leaft iao miles in length, and in a 
happy climate, adorned with large vineyards, from the 
produce of which great quantities of wine and brandy are 
MON 
made ; thefe conftitute its whole commerce, fupplying all 
the provinces bordering on the Cordilleras, as far as Potofi, 
by land-carriage ; while they are exported by fea to Callao, 
where they are greatly valued. Here are alfo papas and 
olives. The principal town, which bears the fame name, 
is inhabited by Spaniards, among feveral noble and opu¬ 
lent families. It is feventy miles fouth-eaft of Arequipa. 
Lat. 17. 24. S. Ion. 70. 56. E. 
MONREAL', a town of Spain, in Arragon: twenty- 
three miles weft of Calataiud. 
MONREAL', a town of Spain, in Navarre : eight miles 
fouth-eaft of Pamplona. 
MONREA'LE, a town of Sicily, in the Valley of Ma- 
zara, fituated on a lofty hill. It owes its rife to a Bene- 
diftine abbey, founded by William II. in 1174, and en¬ 
riched with confiderable grants. In 1183, it was ereCted 
into an archbilhopric, which has been fupprefled, and the 
revenues appropriated to the marine, for the defence of 
the ifland againft corfairs. It is three miles weft-fouth- 
weft of Palermo. 
MONREJE'AN, a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Garonne : eight miles weft of St. Gaudens, 
and fifteen fouth-weft of Rieux. 
MONRE'ITH BA'Y, a harbour on the fouth coaft of 
Scotland, in Glenluce-bay. Lat. 54. 50. N. Ion. 4. 35. W. 
MONRO', a county of Virginia, taken from the fouth 
part of Green-Briar county. 
MONRO'(Alexander, M. D.), an eminent anatomift, 
. and the father of the medical fchool of Edinburgh, was 
defeended both by his paternal and maternal parents from 
diftinguifhed families in the north of Scotland. He was 
born in London, in September 1697, where his father, 
then a furgeon in the army of king William in Flanders, 
refided upon leave of abfence in the winter. On quitting 
the army, Mr. Monro fettled in Edinburgh ; and, perceiv¬ 
ing early indications of talent in Alexander, his only 
child, he took great intcreft in fuperintending his edu¬ 
cation. After having given him the beft inftruftioii 
which Edinburgh then afforded, he fent him to London, 
where he attended the anatomical courfes of Chefelden, 
and was extremely afliduous in difie&ions: he made nu¬ 
merous anatomical preparations, which he fent home; 
and, while here, even laid the foundation of his moffc 
important work on the bones, a {ketch of which he r$Sid 
before a fociety of young phylicians and furgeons, of 
which he had been elected a member. From London, 
Alexander went to Paris, where he purfued the fame ob¬ 
ject; and, in the autumn of 1718, repaired to Leyden, 
with a view of profiting by the tuition of the great Boer- 
haave, who conceived a high opinion of his talents and in- 
duftry, and wrote a favourable account of him to his 
friends. On his return to Edinburgh, in the autumn of 
1719, he was appointed profeflor and demonilrator of 
anatomy to the company of furgeons, the joint demon- 
ftrators having fpontaneoufiy refigned in his favour. Soon 
after accepting this appointment, he began alfo to give 
public leCtures on anatomy, illuftrating them by the pre¬ 
parations which he had made when abroad; and at the 
.fame time, Dr. Alfton, then a young man, united with 
him in the plan, and began a courfe of ledlures on the 
materia medica and botany. Thefe were the firfl public 
courfes that had ever been given at Edinburgh, and may 
be regarded as the opening of that medical fchool, wdiicli 
has fince extended its fame, not only throughout Europe, 
but overthe new world. Mr. Monro fuggefted this plan; 
and by the following circumftance, probably, contributed 
to lead his Ion into a mode of lecturing, which fubfe- 
quentiy carried him to excellence. Without the young 
teacher’s knowledge, he invited the prefident and fellows 
of the College of Phylicians, and the whole company of 
furgeons, to honour the firfl day’s le&ure with their pre¬ 
fence. This unexpected company threw the doftor into 
fuch confufion, that he forgot the words of the difeourfe, 
which he had written and committed to memory. Hav¬ 
ing left his papers a.t home, he was at a lofs, for a little 
time, 
