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MONSTER. 
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other parts were double ; indeed there were two bodies al- 
moft entirely diftinft. The two Iterna were both common 
to the two bodies ; each receiving a feries of ribs from each 
child, and a clavicle of each, (loc. cit. cap. 29. with feveral 
figures.) In the 30th, 31ft, and 32d, chapters, Haller has 
collected a great number of inftances of (imilar monfters 
both in animals and in the human fubjedt from authors. 
Generally there has been only one heart, but fometimes 
two; in fome cafes there have been four cavities, with 
the ufual blood-vefiel s, but often fewer. The liver in 
almoft all inftances fingle. 
The formation of the bodies is fo perfect in many of 
thefe cafes, that we can difcern no reafon why they fhould 
not continue to live after birth ; probably the violence to 
which they are expofed in parturition, and the duration 
of that procels confequent on this difficulty, may be the 
caufe of their deftruflion. They have lived for a longer 
or (hotter time in a few inftances. Two children joined 
by the abdomen, double above, and having one pelvis and 
penis, and two lower limbs, but no reftum, lived feven 
days, and died within a quarter of an hour of each other. 
(Journal des Savans, 1684, p. 27.) Another is mentioned 
in the lame work, p. 34.6, who lived to the age of twenty- 
eight, under James IV. in Scotland : one of the bodies 
died fome days before the other. 
In the Phil. Tranf. for 1723, we have an account of a 
monllrous double birth which occurred at Domremi in 
Lorraine in the preceding year. “There was one head, 
one neck, one bread, one abdomen, and two hands, on 
one fide; and as many parts on'the other; the whole 
being well proportioned and plump, joining together by 
the belly, which w-as common to both; fo that one of the 
heads teas in the place where the other's feet Jhould he, and 
the other head in its natural place; they had but two 
legs for them both, which feemed to arife from the tranf- 
verfe apophyfes of the vertebras of the loins on one fide ; 
and from the oppofite region of the loins, came out a leg 
ending w r ith a joint bending forwards, and at the extre¬ 
mity forming a fmall (lump, like a finger, articulated by gin- 
glymus. There was but one fundament for both, by which 
they voided their faeces; they had but one navel-ftring, 
and the parts proper to the female fex alfo fingle: they 
eat and drink with their mouths feverally, and, while the 
bread was given to one, the other cried for it: they deep 
and are awake, fometimes both at the fame time, fome¬ 
times feparately. Each of thefe children was baptized : 
one of them w’as plumper than the other, which is more 
puny, and not Co freffi-coloured. The head of the one, 
which was a little larger than that of the other, came 
firft to the birth, the two arms lying on the bread; followed 
next; the legs lay on the fides of the bread of thefecond ; 
the oppofite leg, which is fingle, was extricated afterwards; 
lad of all, the arms of the lecond child, being ranged on 
the fide of its head, made it eafy for the reft to come out. 
The bodies of both thefe children made no more in bulk 
than that of one ordinary child.” By another account, 
communicated to the Royal Society, thefe children lived 
two months after the birth. 
But the mod extraordinary inftance of this kind is that 
of the united twins born at Szony, in Hungary, in 1701, 
publicly exhibited in many parts of Europe, and among 
others in England, and living till 1723, when they were 
buried in the convent of the nuns of St. Urfula, at Pref- 
burgh. They were joined at the back, below the loins, 
and had their faces and bodies placed half-fideways to¬ 
wards each other. They had one anus, and one vulva. 
The vifeera were all double, except that the two vaginae 
united into one towards the external aperture, and the 
two refta were joined in the fame way. There were two 
bladders and urethrae opening feparately. The two facra 
were blended into one, and had a fingle os coccygis con¬ 
nected to the lower end. The two aortae were joined 
into one tube before the divifion into the iliacs; and the 
inferior venae cavas were united at the fame part. They 
were not equally ftrong nor well made; and the mod 
powerful (for they had feparate wills) dragged the other 
after her, when lhe wanted to go any-where. At fix 
years one had a paralytic atfeftion of the left fide, which 
left her much weaker than the other. There was a great 
difference in their functions in health and difeafe. They 
had different temperaments. Neither the alvine nor the 
urinary evacuations were always performed at the lame 
time by both differs; the menfes happened at different 
times, one having them a week or more after the other; 
fometimes one, fometimes the other, would be mod dif- 
ordered at fuch periods; when one was adeep, the other 
was often awake ; one had a defire for food, when the 
other had not, Sec. They had the (mall-pox and meafles 
at one and the fame time, but other diforders feparately. 
Judith was often convulfed, while Helen remained frea 
from indifpofition. One of them had a catarrh and a 
colic, while the other continued well. Their intellectual 
powers were different; they were brifk, merry, and well 
bred; could read, write, and fing very prettily; could 
fpeak feveral lauguages, as Hungarian, German, French, 
and Englilh. They died together. Phil. Tranf. vol. i. 
See alfo Haller, lib. i. cap. 28. and lib. ii. cap. 26. where 
fome other inftances are quoted. 
Fcetufes included in the bodies of others are the mod 
uncommon kind of monftrofity ; yet we have fome well- 
authenticated cafes. 
In the Gentleman’s Magazine for December 1748, 
mention is made of a child, born with a large bag ex¬ 
tending from the fundament to the toes. It burft a few 
days after birth, and expofed an irregular mafs of florid 
flelh, in which a hand and foot with perfeCf fingers and 
toes could be diftinguiffied. There was no other vifible 
didinCtion of parts or fex. The child fed heartily. 
A feetus was lately difeovered in the abdomen of a boy 
fourteen years old at Paris. We have feen no detailed 
account of this occurrence, which is mentioned in the 
Bulletin de l’Ecole de Medecine, in the Gazette de Sante, 
1804, No. 1. and the Journal de Medecine, an. 13. 
But the inftance recorded by Mr. G. Young in the Me- 
dico-Chirurgical TranfaCtions, vol. i. with four plates, ii 
the moft minutely deferibed, and the bed authenticated, 
as the parts were feen at the time by the principal me¬ 
dical men in London. A tumour was perceived nearly 
from the time of birth in the abdomen of a child, and 
gradually increafed to its death, which took place at the 
age of nine months. A firm and for the moft part a thick 
cyft was placed in front of the abdominal aorta, between 
the roots of the casliac and fuperior mefenteric arteries, 
attached to the left crus of the diaphragm, and covered 
in front by the ftomach and duodenum, pancreas, and 
its duft, and tranfverfe portion of the colon. It con¬ 
tained feventy-eight ounces of a limpid fluid, and a 
rudely-formed human feetus adhering to its furface, by 
a flelhy cone proceeding from the umbilicus, and mea- 
furing one inch and feven-tenths at one end, and half an 
inch at the other. This produftion was covered by in¬ 
teguments of the natural appearance, on which there was 
febaceous matter, fuch in all refpeds as is often met with 
on the (kin of infants recently born. The extremities 
were diftindly recognizable, and in many refpe&s toler¬ 
ably well formed, lb much fo as to have diftindt fingers 
and toes with nails, but exceedingly (hort and (lout. 
There was fomething correfponding to the bafis cranii, 
and a confiderable portion of the fpine, fome (hort ribs, 
facrum and ofla innominata, and fome bones and joints 
of the ribs well formed. Very little mufcular fubftance 
was found in this creature; none on the trunk, a little 
about the hips, and none in the remainder of the limbs, 
which confided of adipous fubftance. There was neither 
brain nor fpinal marrow, but a diftindt plexus of nerves 
juft within the umbilicus, about the commencement of 
the inteftines, to which numerous branches were diftri- 
buted. There were two locks of hair juft below the part 
correfponding to the head. It had no heart nor lungs, 
and no abdominal vifeera, except a few inches of natu- 
