MONTAGUE. 
714 
MON'TAGUE, a town of the Hate of Maflachufets, on 
the Connefticut: eighteen miles north of Northampton, 
and ninety welt of Bolton.—A town of New Jerfey, on 
the Delaware: feventeen miles north of Newtown.-—One 
of the New Hebrides iflnnds, in the South Pacific Ocean. 
Lat. 17. 26. S. Ion. 168. 31. E.—An ifland in the North 
Pacific Ocean, about fifty miles long and ten broad, near 
the weft coalt of North-America, fituated at the well fide 
of the entrance into Prince William’s Sound. Lat. 59. 50. 
to 60. 30. N.—A fmall ifland in the Florida-llream. Lat. 
24. 42. N. Ion. 81.45. W. 
MON'TAGUE (Richard), a learned Englilh prelate, 
was born about the year 1577 ; and, having received the 
elements of good clafhcal education, he was fent to purfue 
his maturer Itudies at King’s college, Cambridge, of 
•which he became a fellow'. He very foon obtained pre¬ 
ferment ill the church, for the duties of which he had 
been exprefsly educated. In 1616, he was appointed 
dean of Hereford; and in 1621 he publilhed a learned 
afifWer to Selden’s Hillory of Tythes. He was afterwards 
engaged in controverfy, and wrote a work called Appello 
Cafarem, by which he gave offence to the government, 
and was ordered to appear at the bar of the lioufe of com¬ 
mons in the firll parliament of Charles I. on a charge of 
maintaining Arminian and Popilh errors. We may fup- 
pofe lie came off with honour, fince he was made bilhop 
of Chichelter in 1628, from whence he was tranflated to 
Norwich in 1638. This fee he held about three years, 
when he died. His chief work was an “ Ecclefiallical 
Hillory,” in Latin, in which his learning and talents are 
Laid to appear to great advantage. Biop;. Brit. 
MON'TAGUE (Edward), Earl of Sandwich, a cele¬ 
brated Englilh admiral, fon of fir Sidney Montague, was 
born in July 1625. He married, before he was eighteen 
years old, the daughter of Mr. (afterwards lord) Crewe; 
and, being thought warmly in the interell of the parlia¬ 
ment, he received a commiflion, in 1643, to raife and com¬ 
mand a regiment. This Col. Montague performed, and 
even took the field, in fix weeks. He was prefent at the 
llorming of Lincoln in May 1644, which was one of the 
hotteft aftions in the courier of the whole war. He was 
likewife in the battle of Matfton-moor, where he fo high¬ 
ly diftinguifhed himfelf, that, on the capitulation of the 
city of York, he was appointed one of the commiffioners 
for fettling the articles, though then only in his nine¬ 
teenth year. He took an abtive part in the battle of 
Nafeby, and alfo at the llorming of Briilol, in the months 
of July and September, 1645. After this he entered 
into the fea-fervice, (as we have feen in the inllance of 
Gen. Monk, p. 676.) and was engaged, in 1656, with 
admiral Blake in the Mediterranean; and for his fuccels 
at that time he was exceedingly carefled by the protestor, 
and received the thanks of parliament. On the death 
of Cromwell, he, like many others who had been zealous 
in the prote&or’s lervice, was ready to join the royal 
party, which was fuppofed to be the ftrongell. He was 
indeed in the councils of Charles, while he held a com¬ 
miflion under the authority of parliament. His condufl 
became lufpefted, and he was ordered to attend at the 
bar of the houle. After an examination, he was dif- 
mifled from his command, which he probably took as a 
v§ry lenient punilhment, knowing, as he mull, that he 
had been guilty of high treafon againll the exifling 
government. “After fuch an efcape,” fays Campbell, 
“he withdrew to his ellate in the country, with a delign 
to enjoy, in privacy and peace, the remainder of his life.” 
His real motives were probably to watch the opportunity 
of enlilling again under the banners of the king, or the 
commonwealth, according as the one or the other ob¬ 
tained the fway. He was quickly called from his retire¬ 
ment, and had the honour of convoying his majefty to 
England, who within two days of his landing fent him 
the ribband and george of the order of the garter, which 
were prefented to him in his fliip, then riding in the 
Downs. In July 1660, Charles, grateful for his aflift- 
ance, created him Baron Montague, Vifcount Hinchrn- 
brooke, and Earl of Sandwich in Kent; he was at the 
fame time fworn of the privy-council, made mailer of the 
king’s wardrobe, admiral of the narrow feas, and lieu¬ 
tenant-admiral to the duke of York, as lord high-admiral 
of England. 
In the great battle fought in June 1665, in which the 
Dutch loll their admiral Opdam, and had eighteen of 
their men of war taken, and fourteen deltroyed; the 
honour of the viftory was chiefly due to the earl of Sand¬ 
wich. The laft adlion in which he was engaged, was on 
the 28th of May, 1672, which is thus deferibed by 
Campbell : “The earl of Sandwich, in his fine lhip the 
Royal James, which carried a hundred pieces of cannon, 
and about 800 men, began the fight, and fell furioufly on 
the fquadron of Van Ghent: this he did, not from a 
principle of dillinguilhing himfelf, for he knew that his 
character was too well ellablilhed to need that: his view 
was to give the reft of the fleet time to form, and in this 
he carried his point. Captain Brakel, in the Great Hol¬ 
land, a fixty-gun fliip, depending on the aflillance of his 
fquadron, attacked the Royal James, but was foon dif- 
abled, as were feveral other men of war; and three fine 
fliips were funk. By this time moll of the admiral’s men 
were killed, and the hull of the Royal James was fo 
pierced with fliot, that it was impoflible to carry her off. 
In this diftrefs he might have been relieved by his vice- 
admiral, fir Jofeph Jordan, if that gentleman had not 
been more folicitous about aflilting the duke: when, 
therefore, he law him fail by, heedlefs of the condition in 
which he lay, he faid to thofe that were about him, 
‘ There is nothing left now but to defend the fliip to 
the laft man;’ and thofe who knew him readily under- 
ftood, that, by the laft man, he meant himfelf. When a 
fourth fire-lhip had grappled him, he begged his captain, 
fir Richard Haddock, and all his fervants, to get into the 
boat and fave themfelves, which they did; yet fome of the 
failors would not quit the admiral, but ftaid and endea¬ 
voured to put out the fire, which in fpite of all their efforts 
they could not do, and fo they perilhed together!” Other 
writers, following the Dutch account, fay, that when he 
faw his fliip on fire, he jumped out into the fea and was 
drowned. His lordfliip’s body was found nearly a fort¬ 
night afterwards; and, being brought home, the highell 
funeral honours were paid to it. He is deferibed by the 
Dutch hillorian, Gerard Brandt, as a man equally brave, 
knowing, and of a moll engaging behaviour; one who 
had rendered his fovereign the greateft fervices, not only 
in the field, but in the cabinet, and as an ambaflador in 
foreign courts. His own countryman, bilhop Parker, 
fays, “ he was capable of any bulinefs, full of widom, a 
great commander at fea and land, and alfo learned and 
eloquent; affable, liberal, and magnificent.” This noble 
lord, it has been reported, occupied his leifure-moments 
in engraving. His Letters and Negociations have been 
printed in two volumes. He tranflated from the Spanilh 
a work on The Art of Metals.' Campbell's Lives of the 
Admirals. Walpole's Royal and Nolle Authors. 
MON'TAGUE (Charies), Earl of Halifax, an eminent 
ftatefman and a diftinguiflied patron of letters, was the 
fourth fon of the honourable George Montague, a 
younger fon of the earl of Manchefter. He was born in 
1661 at Horton in Northamptonlhire; and, after acquir¬ 
ing the rudiments of learning in the country, was fent, 
at the age of fourteen, to Weftminller-fchool, of which 
Dr. Bulby was the mailer. He remained in that feminary 
till he had completed his twenty-firft year, when he was 
admitted of Trinity-college, Cambridge. Here he pur- 
fued his academical ftudies with fuccefs, and efpecially 
cultivated a talent for poetry, of which he gave fpecimens 
in an Ode on the Marriage of the Princefs Anne to 
Prince George of Denmark, and a copy of Verfes on the 
Death of Charles II. The latter piece attracted the 
notice of the earl of Dorlet, who gave him an in¬ 
vitation to London, and introduced him to the wits of 
