MON 
N° xlix. The bed editions of Montaigne’s Eflays are that 
of Code, in 3 vols. 4to. 1715, with notes and other addi¬ 
tions, and a fupplemental volume, 1740; reprinted at 
Trevoux, tinder the title of London, in 6 vols. nmo, 
and that of Bruffels, 3 vols. nmo. 1759- I 11 *77 2 > Mon¬ 
taigne’s Travels tvere published by M. de Querlon, in 
s vol. 4to. and 3 vols. 12010. This work rather dilap- 
pointed the public expectation, being fcarcely more than 
a journal haftily written, with little of the ftyle and man¬ 
ner of the author. Moreri. 
This modern Democritus, in travelling through Italy 
and Germany about twelve years before his deceal'e, feems 
to have attended to the ecclefiaftical mulic of thofe times 
and countries, with more interell than we had reafon to 
expert from the general tenour of his life and occupa¬ 
tions. In 1580, at Kempton in Bavaria, he fays, “ the 
Catholic church of this city, which is Lutheran, is well 
ferved; for on Thurfday morning, though it was not a 
holiday, mats was celebrated in the abbey, without the 
gates, in the fame manner as at Notre Dame in Paris on 
Eaftemday, with mufic and organs, at which none but 
the priefthood were prefent.” At the church of the Lu¬ 
therans alfo, Montaigne heard one of the minifters preach 
in German to a very thin congregation : “ When he had 
done, a pfalm was lung, in German likewife, to a melody 
little different from our’s. At each Have, the organ, which 
had been but lately erefted, played admirably, making a 
kind of refponfe to the linging.’’ This is an early in- 
ftance of the ufe of interludes in accompanying pfalmody 
on the organ. “ As a new-married couple,” continues 
Montaigne, “ went out of church, the violins and tabors 
attended them.” This circumftance is mentioned to prove, 
that the violin was then a common inllrument in Ger¬ 
many. At Lanfperg, he tells us, that “ the town-clock, 
like many others in this country, (truck quarters, tt difl- 
on gue celui de Nuremberg!) fine les minutes." This is 
likewife an early proof of chimes in Bavaria, whence 
they are faid to have been brought into the Low Countries. 
Here alfo this fprightly writer gives us an account of the 
cantor, or chanter, who directs the finging in Lutheran 
churches : " Two feats are placed, one for the minifter, 
and one for the preacher, when there is one, and another 
below for the perfon who leads off the pfalm. After each 
verfe, the congregation waits till he has pitched and 
begun the next; then they all fing together, pele-mele, 
right or wrong, as loud as ever they can.” Burned's 
Hift. of Mufic. 
MONTArGRE, or Mon'taigu, a town of France, 
and principal place of a diftridl, in the department of the 
Vendee : fixteen miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Nantes. The 
place contains 1011, and the canton 10,696, inhabitants. 
Lat. 47. o. N. Ion. 1. 14. W. 
MON'TAIGU, a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftrift, in the department of the Puy de Dome : 
twenty-feven miles north-north-weft of Clermont, and 
twenty-one north-north-weft of Riorn. Lat. 46. 12. N. 
ion. 2. 53. E. 
MON'TAIGU, or Scher'penheuel, a town of Bra¬ 
bant, formerly only a hamlet dependent on Sichem. In 
the year 1603, notwith.ftanding the war, and the dangers 
of the road, there came fuch crowds from all parts of the 
world to vifit a miraculous image of the Virgin, which 
was placed in a (mail niche before a tree at this place, 
that the archduke built a chapel, which was confecrated, 
in the year 1609, by Hovius archbifhop of Malines, and 
-gave the place the privileges of a city. The church is 
round, with a handfome dome and lofty tower, furnifhed 
with a great number of ornaments, and lamps of gold 
and fiver, prefents from princes; among others is a rich 
carpet, a prefent from pope Alexander VII. as a memorial 
of his having vifited this miraculous image. The inha¬ 
bitants of Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle, and many other 
• cities of Brabant, Guelderland, and Liege, come every 
year in proceffion to honour the Virgin. Juftus Liplius 
has written an account of the miracles performed by this 
MON 719 
image. It Is three miles weft of Dieft, and fifteen eaft- 
north-eaft of Louvain. 
MONTAIGUE'r, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Allier: fifteen miles eaft of Moulins, and 
twelve north of le Donjon. 
MONTAIGUT', a town of France, in the department 
of the Lot and Garonne: four miles fouth of Tournon, and 
eighteen nort’n-eaft of Agen. Lat. 44. 20. N. Ion. 1. 6. E. 
MONTALBAN', a fortrefs in the county of Nice, on 
the coaft of the Mediterranean, between Nice and Ville- 
franche. 
MONTALCI'NO, a fmall populous town of Italy, In 
Tufcany, and in the territory of Sienna, with a bifhop’s 
-fee. It is feated on a mountain, feventeen miles fouth- 
eaft of Sienna, and forty-four fouth-eaft of Florence. Lat, 
43. 7. N. Ion. 11. 30. E. 
MONTALE'GRE, a town of Portugal, in the province 
of Tra los Montes: twenty-two miles north-eaft of Braga, 
and fifty-fix weft of Bragan$a. Lat. 41.45. N. Ion. 7. 38. W. 
MONTALEM'BERT (Mark-Rene), a French general, 
and member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, was 
born at Angouleme in July 1714. In 1732 young Mon- 
talembert entered into the army, and was prefent at the 
fieges of Kehl and Philipfburg, where he diftinguiflied 
himfelf fo much, that he was made a captain in the prince 
of Conti’s guards. After the peace, he applied himfelf to 
mathematics and natural philofophy; and, having read a 
memoir to the Academy of Sciences, On the Evaporation 
of the Water in the Salt-works at Turcheim, in the Pa¬ 
latinate, which he had examined, he was received into 
that learned body as a free affociate, in 1747, to whofe 
memoirs he furnifhed other papers. From the years 1750 
to 1755 he eftabli(hed forges, in Angoumois, in which he 
call cannon for the navy ; and during the war of (even 
years he was employed, in 1757 and 1761, in the Swedilh 
and Rufiian armies. He was afterwards Cent to Brittany 
and the Ille of Oleron, which he fortified according to a 
new fyftem he had formed; and, in 1777, the correfpond- 
ence which he held with the generals and minifters, in the 
courfe of thefe Cervices, was printed in three volumes. 
In 1776 he publiflied the firft volume of a large work upon 
“ Perpendicular Fortification and the Art of Defence,” 
in which he demonftrates the inconveniences of the old 
fyftem, and fubftitutes a new one, better calculated to 
anfwer the intended purpofe. This new fyftem was at¬ 
tacked, but his labours were much applauded by fome 
military men of the firft merit; and Carnot, when minifter 
at war, directed the plan of a fortification to be laid down, 
in which fome of Montalembert’s ideas were adopted. 
His treatife was extended to ten volumes in quarto, and 
is illuftrated with a great number of plates. It comprifes 
every part of the military art; and contains the hiftory of 
the mod famous fieges, interfperfed with new ideas in re¬ 
gard to the wars in which he was either an aftor orfpec- 
tator; plans of cities and harbours, and an account of 
their defefts and fufceptibility of improvement; with ani- 
madverlions on generals, engineers, and adminiflrators. 
This work, of which the laft volume was publilhed in 
1792, will carry the author’s name to pofterity as a writer 
as well as a general. In 1770 he married Marie de Coma- 
rieu, who was an aftrefs, and the owner of a theatre; 
for which the general, in 1784 and 1786, compofed three 
operatic pieces. La Statue, La Bergere de qualite, and La 
Bohemienne ; which were fet to mufic by Cambini and 
Tomeoni. Fie was, however, divorced from this lady in 
the lecond year of the revolution, and married Rolalie 
Louife Gadet, to whom he was under great obligation 
during the reign of terror. It appears, by a memoir which 
he publilhed in 1790, that he was arbitrarily difpofieffed of 
his forges; and that, having a claim for fix millions of 
livres dtie to him, he was reduced to a penfion, fo ill paid, 
that he was at laft obliged to fell his eftate in Angoumois, 
for which he received only affignats : he was not able, 
-therefore, to extricate himfelf from that diftre(s which 
had accompanied him throughout life. His activity, how- 
' ever. 
