720 M O N 
■ever, was not fubdued, either by misfortunes o? age ; for 
he read to the Inftitute, a iliort time before his death, a 
new memoir on the mounting of fhip-guns, which was 
thought to be of fuch importance, that the Inftitute 
recommended his improvement to the miniller of the 
marine, who fent orders to Breft for its being adopted. 
He wrote alfo “ Reflexions fur le Siege de Saint-Jean 
d’Acre.” He died in March 1802. Monthly Mag. 
MONTAL'TA, a towm of Spain, in the province of 
Catalonia : feven miles eaft-north-eaft of Urgah 
MONTAL'TO, a town of Italy, in the marquifate of 
Ancona, the fee of a biftiop, fuftragan of Fermo : ten 
miles north-eaft of Afcoli, and twelve fouth-weft of 
Fermo. Lat. 42. 56. N. Ion. 13.38. E.—A town of Italy, 
in the duchy of Caftro, on the Fiora, near its mouth : 
forty-three miles north-weft of Rome. Lat. 43. 21. N. 
Ion. 11. 33. E. Both thefe towns belong to the pope. 
MONTALVAN', or Montalban, a town of Spain, 
in the province of Arragon : thirty miles fouth-eaft of 
Daroca, and twenty-one north of Teruel. 
MONTALVAN', a towm of Spain, in the province of 
Cordova : five miles north-weft of Montilla. 
MONTALVA'O, a towm of Portugal, in Alentejo, on 
the borders of Spain, near a fmall river, which foon after 
runs into the Tagus : twelve miles north of Caftella di 
Vida : ninety-fix miles north-eaft of Lifbon. Lat. 39. 30. 
N. Ion. 7.12. W. 
MONTAL'YA, a town of Portugal, in Eftramadura : 
thirty miles fouth-eaft of -Setuvai, and twenty-eight 
north-weft of Beja. 
MONTANA'RI (Geminiano), a celebrated Italian na¬ 
tural philolopher and mathematician, was born at Modena 
in the year 1633. He loft his father wdiile he was very 
young ; but his mother, well aware of the great import¬ 
ance of a good education, had him carefully inftruded 
in the dallies, rhetoric, and philofophy, in his native city, 
and afterwards fent him to Florence, where he ftudied 
with much fuccefs civil and ecclefiaftical jurifprudence. 
Having completed his ftudies, he fettled in the profeflion 
of the law at Vienna, and was previoufly to this admitted 
to the degree of dodor at Saltzburg. At Vienna he 
formed an acquaintance with Paul de Buono, a confider- 
able mathematician, which proved the means of diverting 
his attention from legal purluits, and of reviving in him 
a ftrong inclination for the ftudy of mathematics and na¬ 
tural philofophy. Till now he had been a difciple of the 
philofophy of Des Cartes ; but, by converfing with Buono, 
he adopted the theory of Galileo. In 1657 he accompa¬ 
nied his friend in viliting the mines in Stiria, Bohemia, 
and Hungary, and attended diligently to thofe fcientific 
purfuits conneded with mineralogy. At length, their 
proceedings awakened the jealouly of the Hungarians, 
and they were obliged to take refuge in one of the royal 
palaces ; which affeded Buono fo fenfibly, that he fell fick 
and died. Upon this event Montanari came back to Vi¬ 
enna, which he very foon after quitted, and returned to 
Italy. His neceffities now obliged him to pradife at the 
bar of Florence, in order to furnifti himfelf with the 
means of fubfiftence ; Hill, however, his philofophical 
ftudies occupied the greateft ftiare of his attention. After 
this he was patronifed by duke Alphonfus IV. of Modena, 
and by the marquis of Malvafia of Bologna, by whole re¬ 
commendation he was eleded profeflbr of mathematics at 
the univerfity of Bologna. During fourteen years he dif- 
charged the duties of his office with unwearied diligence, 
made a vaft number of obfervations on the celeftial bodies, 
and performed experiments on the nature of different fub- 
flances. When the falaries of the profelfors were reduced, 
Montanari determined to obtain a fettlement elfewhere, 
and was eleded a profeflbr of aftronomy at Padua. Here 
he continued to profecute his oblervations and experi¬ 
ments and publilhed various ufeful and curious works. 
The fenate, likewife, frequently availed themfelves of his 
advice in matters relating to hydraulics, fortification, the 
art of war, and the management of the mint. He died 
MON 
at Padua in J6S7, in the 55th year of his age. He was 
author of a number of works, of which the titles, in a 
very long lift, is given in the General Biography ; and to 
him is attributed the difcovery of the method of deter¬ 
mining the heights of mountains by means of the baro¬ 
meter. 
MONTANA'RO, a town of the duchy of Piacenza: 
feven miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Piacenza. 
MONTANBCEU'F, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Charente : feven miles north-eaft of la Ro¬ 
chefoucauld. 
MONTAN'CKES, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura » 
feventeen miles north of Merida. 
MONTA'NER, a town of France, in the department 
of the Lower Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftrid of Pau. The place contains 918, and the canton 
5849, inhabitants. 
MONTANE'RA, a town of Italy : five miles fouth of 
Mantua. 
MONTANI'NI. See Perugino. 
MON'TANISM,/ The tenets of Montanus, an ancient 
heretic, who, about the clofe of the fecond century, found- 
ed a fed ; unjuftly pretending to be a prophet; multi- 
plyingfafts; forbidding fecond marriages; condemning all 
care of the body; and declaring that philofophy, arts, 
and whatever favoured of polite learning, lliould be ba- 
nilhed from the Chriftian church.—Tertullian, proclaim¬ 
ing even open war to the church, maintained montanifm, 
wrote a book in defence of the new faft, and intituled the 
fame, A Treatife of Falling againft the opinion of the 
carnal fort. Hooker's Ecc. Pol .— His [Tertullian’s] mon- 
tanifm put no feparation at all betwixt him and other 
Chriftians, five only in point of difeipline, which he, ac¬ 
cording to the feverity of his nature, would have to be 
moll harfli and rigorous. Hanmer. 
MON'TANIST, /! A follower of Montanus.—The mo- 
tanijis held thefe additions to be fupplements to the Gofpel. 
Hooker's Eccl. Pol. 
MONTANIS'TICAL, adj. Belonging to the herefy of 
the Montanifts.—An emulation of the montanijlical vaunt 
of virginity. Bp. Hall's Hon. of the Marr. Clergy. 
To MON'TANIZE, v. n. To follow the opinions of 
Montanus.—Tertullian, together with fuch as were his 
followers, began to montanize. Hooker. 
MON'TANT, f. [French.] A term in fencing.—Vat 
be all you, one, two, tree, four, come for ? To lee thee 
fight, to fee thee pals thy punto, thy Hock 5 thy reverfe, 
thy diftance ; thy montant. Shakefpeare. 
MON'TANT, J'. in heraldry, a crefcent facing the 
right fide of the elcutcheons. 
MON'TANUS, founder of an enthufiaftical Chriftian. 
fed in the fecond century, called after him Montanists, 
is generally fuppofed to have been a native of Ardaba in 
Myfia, on the borders of Phrygia ; on which account his 
followers are fometimes called Phrygians, or Cataphrygians. 
The generality of learned moderns concur with Eufebius, 
in placing his firft appearance in a public charader about 
the year 171 ; while others, following Epiphanius, who 
is not always exad in his chronology, refer it to the year 
156 or 157. He was fo foolilh and extravagant as to be¬ 
lieve that he was under the influence of divine infpiration, 
and gave himfeif out for the Paraclete, or Comforter, 
which our Saviour, at his departure from the earth, pro- 
mifed to fend to his difciples to lead them to all truth. 
He did not pretend to reveal any new dodrines, addi¬ 
tional to thofe already admitted by the Chriftian world ; 
he only declared, that he was fent, with a divine com- 
miffion, to give the moral precepts delivered by Chrift and 
his apoftles the finiffiing touch that was to bring them to 
perfedion. He maintained, that Chrift and his apoftles 
made, in their precepts, many allowances to the infirmi¬ 
ties of thofe among whom they lived, and that this con- 
defeending indulgence rendered their fyliem of moral 
laws imperfed and incomplete. The objed of his million, 
therefore, was to introduce into the church that ftrid 
a and. 
