MON 
723 
to eftablifli a fcr ign empire. Eventually, therefore, per¬ 
haps he may have no empire at all. ThoTe whofe incli¬ 
nation it is to purloin their neighbours’ property, mult not 
expebl much companion if they chance to lofe their own. 
Let us hope that by thefe unfortunate and difficult cir- 
cumftances we fhall not be involved in a frefli war. At 
prelent we can only fay, that, though Great Britain and 
the other powers have abtuaily interfered between Spain 
and Portugal in favour of the former, yet between thofe 
powers and their lubjebls or colonies it is certainly our 
policy to avoid all contention, however we may avail 
ourfelves of the new opening to commerce. But even 
that may be over-done. Let the merchants be cautious, 
and remember Buenos Ayres in the year 1806, and Bralil 
in 1807. See the article London, p. 164 and 170, 1. 
Monte Video is 120 miles eaft-north-eall of Buenos Ayres. 
Lat. 34.42. S. Ion. 57. 16. W. 
MONTE di VITER'BO, a mountain of Italy, anciently 
called Mans Cyllenins. This mountain is very high, and 
the afcent at firft pretty difficult; however, it afterwards 
grows ealier: it is almoft covered with chelhut and fyca- 
more trees. 
MONTEBOU'RG, a town of France, in the department 
of the Channel: four miles fouth-eaft of Valognes, and 
twelve north of Carentan. 
MONTECATI'NUS (Anthony), an Italian profeflor 
of philofophy, was born at Ferrara in the year 1536. 
After reading public leblures in that city, he was ap¬ 
pointed firft profeflor of philofophy there. He became a 
particular favourite of Alphonfo II. duke of Ferrara, who 
deputed him on concerns of ftate to the courts of France 
and Rome. He was alio appointed governor of the city 
of Reggio; created chief magiftrate of Ferrara; and fre¬ 
quently was entrufted with the whole management of 
affairs under the duke. He died at Ferrara in 1599, at 
the age of flxty-three. He is chiefly known as an author 
by his “ Commentary on Ariftotle’s Politics,” to which 
he added fome of Plato’s works. 
MONTECH', a town of France, in the department of 
the Upper Garonne: leven miles eaft of Caftel Sarafln, 
and twenty-two weft-north-weft of Touloufe. 
MONTECHIA'RO. See Monte Chiaro, p. 724, 5. 
MONTECH'IO, a town of Italy : ten miles weft-north- 
weft of Modena. 
MONTECH'IO, a town of Italy, on the Oglio: live 
miles fouth-fouth-weft of Breno. 
MONTECH'IO MAGGIO'RA, a town of Italy, in 
the Vicentin : eleven miles louth-weft of Vicenza. 
MONTECUCCO'LI, or Montecucu'li (Raymond), 
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and a celebrated ge¬ 
neral in the fervice of the houfie of Auftria, was born in 
j6o8 at Montecuccoli, the feat of his family in the Mo- 
denefe. After receiving a liberal education at the fchools 
of Modena, Perugia, and Rome, he took arms at an early 
age under his uncle Erneft Montecuccoli, general of 
artillery in the imperial fervice. He entered as a private 
volunteer, and ferved in that capacity both in the infantry 
and cavalry, as well as in the various gradations of mili¬ 
tary command. The wars in Flanders were his firft fcene 
of ablion, and in that fchool he acquired the Ikill and ex¬ 
perience which railed him into notice. In 1644, being 
at the head of 2000 cavalry, he furpriled a body of Swedes 
befieging Nemeflau, in Silefia, and defeated them with 
the lofs of their artillery and baggage. He was afterwards 
himleif defeated and made priloner by the Swedilh gene¬ 
ral Bannier, and was kept in captivity for two years. 
This time, which to molt young men would have been 
loft to themfelves and the world, our youthful foldier 
employed in literary and fcientific purfuits. On return¬ 
ing to his profeflion, he defeated the Swedes in Bohemia. 
After the peace of Weltphalia, he travelled into different 
countries, and was fent once in a diplomatic character to 
Stockholm, where he was very honourably received by 
queen Chriftina, who afterwards admitted him to her 
correlpondence, and imparted to him her lecret intention 
of abdicating the throne. Returning to his native coun¬ 
try, he affifted at a magnificent caroulal given by the duke 
of Modena at his marriage. It was, however, attended 
with a tragical event which deeply afflicted him ; for he 
had the misfortune, in tilting with his intima.e friend 
Molza, a Modenefe cavaiier, to wound him mortally in 
the throat with his lance. Having inherited the property 
of his uncle Erneft, he married, in 1657, Maria-Jofepha 
Dietrichftein, daughter to the prince of that name, great 
fteward of the houlehold to the emperor, a lady diltin- 
guifhed for her beauty and accomplifhmejtts. In the 
fame year he was fent by the emperor, with the rank of 
field-marlhal-general, to the afiiftance of John Cafimir 
king of Poland, againft Ragotiki prince of Tranfylvania, 
fupported by the Swedes. He defeated Ragotiki, and re¬ 
covered Cracow from the Swedes; and, when Charles- 
Guftavus afterwards turned his arms againft the king of 
Denmark, Montecuculi marched to his relief, drove the 
Swedes from Jutland, and refcued Copenhagen. 
Peace was reftored in the north ; but troubles arofe on 
the fide of Hungary which foon after involved the em¬ 
peror Leopold in a war with the Turks. Montecuculi 
was fent to command in that quarter, and by his fkilful 
and prudent copdubl baffled the attempts, of the Turks, 
who invaded Hungary with a vaftly-fuperior force. At 
length, the imperial army being reinforced by luccours 
from France and other parts of Europe, Montecuculi 
refolved to give battle to the grand^vizier, who was ad¬ 
vancing towards Vienna; and in 1664 he gave the Turks 
a total and bloody defeat at St. Gothard, after a long and 
well-difputed ablion. A peace was the immediate con- 
fequence of this vibtory; and the fuccefsful general was 
recompenfed, on his return to Vienna! with the poll of 
prefident of the council of war. In 1666 he was deputed 
as ambaffador to receive at Genoa the infanta of Spain, 
efpoufed to Leopold ; on which occalion he was decorated 
by the king of Spain with the order of the golden fleece. 
In 1670 he conducted to Poland the lifter of the emperor, 
deftined to be the fpoule of king Michael. Thele pacific 
employments were exchanged for a renewal of military 
fervice, on occafion of the war between the empire 
and France in 1673. Montecuculi was chofen to oppofc 
the famous Turenne. After a variety of marches and 
counter-marches, he lucceeded in forming a junbtion 
with the prince of Orange, and taking Bonn ; but, the 
fhackles impofed upon him by the imperial councils hav¬ 
ing prevented him from doing fo much as was expebled 
from him, he incurred the dilpleafure of the allies, and 
was obliged to quit the command. The fuperiority 
which the French aflumed cauied him, however, to be 
recalled in 1675, as the only general capable of being 
matched with Turenne; and the campaign which enfued 
between thefe two mailers exhaulled every ftratagem of 
war.- The exquilite nicety of the movements on both 
fides may be ellimated from the circumttance, that two 
large armies were perpetually moving in a fpace ten or 
twelve leagues in length, and four or five in breadth. 
While the game was yet in balance, it was brought to a 
conclufion by the death of Turenne from a cannon-lhof, 
as he was reconnoitring with a delign to attack. His 
rival had the generofity to lament his fate, and bellow 
the highell praifes on his memory. The match was no 
longer equal, and the retreat of the French gave Mon¬ 
tecuculi the opportunity of penetrating into Allkce ; and 
it was necefiary to fummon Conde from Flanders to llop 
his progrefs. After having thus been oppofed to the two 
moll illuftrious generals in Europe, he declined contend¬ 
ing with inferior antagonills, and retired to a repole fo 
well merited by his age and fervices. At Vienna he pre- 
fided over the council of war, and employed his influence 
at court in the proteblion of fcience and letters. He con¬ 
tributed greatly to the ellablilhment of the academy llyled 
Naturae Curiolorum, of which he was prefident. He him- 
felf cultivated literature; and left behind him a work 
entitled Memorie full'Arte della Guerra, compofed during 
