M O N 
rofe through the different ranks in the army to that of 
marfhal of France. His firft fervices were in I-taly ; and 
at the battle of Pavia, in 1525, he was taken prifoner. 
In the wars of Piedmont he ferved with great reputation ; 
and in 1546 he recovered Boulogne from the Englilh. 
The city of Sienna in Tufcany, having driven out the 
imperial garrifon, and folicited the proteflion of France, 
Montluc was appointed to command the forces fent thi¬ 
ther in 1554. He fuftained a fiege of eight months againft 
the imperial army commanded by the marquis of Marig- 
non, who was obliged, after leveral attacks, to convert 
the fiege into a blockade. It was not till the garrifon and 
inhabitants had endured the utmoft extremity of famine, 
that the place capitulated, when Montluc and his troops 
inarched out with the honours of war. In the religious 
wars under Charles IX. Montluc commanded in Guienne, 
and defeated the Caivinifts in feveral aftions; but he ful- 
lied his great actions in this war by his cruelty, in which 
lie feemed to emulate the famous baron des Adrets, the 
commander on the other fide. At the fiege of the caftle 
of Rabaftein he received a fhot through both cheeks, 
which deformed him fo much, that he was obliged ever 
after to wear a malk : he revenged the wound by the maf- 
facre of every perlon in the fortrefs. He died at his eftate 
in Agenois' in 1577, after lixty years of military duty; 
during which he was never once beaten when he commanded. 
Montluc had all the qualities of a great warrior ; invin¬ 
cible courage, indefatigable activity, extraordinary pre¬ 
fence of mind, and inftant decifion in all emergencies, 
joined with a natural eloquence, which gave him a great 
'influence over his foldiers and brother-commanders. He 
was, however, boaftful, violent, and fanguinary. In his 
feventy-flftli year he undertook to compofe from memory 
his “ Commentaries,” or the hiflory of his life and ac¬ 
tions, which were firft publifhed at Bourdeaux, in 1592, 
folio. This is reckoned a work full of admirable inftruc- 
tion for military men ; and Henry IV. ufed to call it The 
Soldiers’ Bible. Moreri. 
MONTLU'C (John de), bilhop of Valence, brother of 
the preceding, entered among the Dominicans, anddiftin- 
guifhed himfelf by his learning and eloquence. Being 
fufpedted of an attachment to Calvinifm, queen Margaret 
of Navarre took him from his cloifter, and brought him 
forward in public life. He was employed in a variety of 
embaflies, to Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Poland, 
and Turkey. In liis Polifli embafiy, he was fuccefsful in 
promoting the eleftion of Henry III. to the crown of that 
kingdom. Keeping his religious opinions concealed, he 
was nominated in 1553 to the bilhoprics of Valence and 
Die; and in that fituation he publifhed feveral inftruc- 
tions and addrefles to his clergy, which were admired for 
their eloquence. In the reign of Francis II. at an aflem- 
bJy held at Fontainebleau, for the purpofe of feeking a 
remedy for the public diforders, he ventured to fpeak in 
favour of tolerating the Proteftants in the exercife of their 
religion, and cenfured very feverely the ignorance and 
mifeondudt of the clergy, not fparing the court of Rome 
itfelf. In time, he began to be more free in declaring his 
fentiments, efpecially during the fluctuations in the po¬ 
licy of Catharine de Medicis, who appeared to hefitate be¬ 
tween the two religions. He ventured to prefent to the 
queen a fummary of the Calvinift doftrine, drawn up with 
as much precilion as if it had been publifhed at Geneva ; 
but he w'as careful not to put his name to it. He farther 
proved his defection from the Romifli difeipline, by fe- 
cretly marrying a young lady, named Anne Martin, by 
whom he had a fon, afterwards marfhal of France. The 
fufpicions againft him were lo flrong, that he was con¬ 
demned as a heretic by pope Pius IV. but, as judges were 
not afligned to him according to the laws of France, the 
dean of Valence, who undertook to be his accufer, was 
unable to fubftantiate his charge, and was condemned to 
make him an amende honorable. In his latter years here- 
turned to the bofom of the catholic church, and died in 
MON 743 
1579 in the hands of the Jefuits, who, as ufual, gave a 
favourable report of their penitent. Thisbiihop printed, 
in 1559 and 1561, two volumes of Sermons, which are 
much fought after by the curious, for the free fentiments 
which they contain. His InftruClions and Epiftles to the 
Clergy and People of Valence were printed in 1557, and 
his Synodal Ordinances in 1559. His character appears 
to have been that of an. able, wary, and artful, man, half 
divine, half politician. Nouv. Ditt. ijijl. 
MONTLU^ON'. See MoNLugoN, p. 679. 
MONTLUEL', a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftriCt, in the department of the Ain: three pofts 
north-eaft of Lyons, and fixty and three quarters fouth- 
eaft of Paris. Lat.45. 51. N. Ion. 5. 8. E. 
MONTMARAU'LT, a town of France, and principal 
place of a diftrift, in the department of the Allier: twen¬ 
ty-two miles fouth-weft of Moulins, and fifty-one fouth 
of Bourges. Lat.a.6. 19. N. Ion. 3. 2. E. 
MONTMARTI'N en GRAI'GNE, a town of France, 
in the department of the Channel : four miles fouth-eaft 
of Carentan, and nine north of St. Lo. 
MONTMARTI'N pres la ME'R, a town of France, 
in the department of the Channel : four miles fouth-wqfl 
of Coutances, and nine nortli-north-eaft of Granville. 
MONTMARTRE, a town ofFrance, adjoining to Paris. 
MONTMAU'R, a town of France, in the department 
of the Marne : nine miles fouth-weft of Epernay. 
MONTMEDY', a town of France, in the department 
of the Meufe. It is fltuated on the river Cher, which 
divides it into Upper and Lower, called Montmedij and 
Med1/ Bus. This town was taken from the duchy of 
Luxemburg, in the year 1657. It is twenty-one miles 
north of Verdun, and feven eaft of Stenay. Lat. 49. 28. N. 
Ion. 5. 26. E. 
MONTMELIA'N, a town and fortrefs of Savoy, near the 
Ifere. It has only one church, and two convents. The 
country round is very agreeably diverfified with hills and 
mountains, covered with vines for fix miles round : the 
wine is very good. The fortrefs is fituated on a mountain, 
inacceflible except towards the town. It is founded on a 
rock, compofed of five good baftions, irregularly covered, 
and well flanked with afofle, cut in the rock. It has two 
ridges of fortifications, one above the other, with a tower 
in the middle. The caftle, which is large and lofty, is the 
refidence of the governor. The place is of great confe- 
quence, becaufe it is the key of the whole country ; and 
therefore it is commonly well garrifoned. It has, how¬ 
ever, been feveral times taken by the French. It is feven 
miles fouth-fouth-eall of Chambery, and twenty-two 
north-eaft of Grenoble. 
MONTMER'LE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Ain : two miles fouth-eaft of Belleville, and eight 
weft-fouth-weft of Chatillon les Dombes. 
MONTMIRAI'L, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Marne : twelve miles north-weft of Sezanne, 
and thirty-three weft-fouth-weft of Chalons fur Marne. 
MONTMIRAI'L, a town of France, in the department 
of the Sarte : feven miles fouth-eaft of La Ferte Bernard, 
and twenty-four north-eaft of Le Mans. 
MONTMIRAI'L (Caftilnau de). See Castilnau, 
vol. iii. p. 883. 
MONTMIRA'L, a town ofFrance, in the department 
of the Drome : feven miles north of Romans. 
MONTMIREL', a town ofFrance, in the department 
of the Aifne: nine miles fouth-eaft of Chateau Thierry, 
MONTMIRE'Y le CHATEAU', a town of France, in 
the department of the Jura: feven miles north of Dole, 
and fix eaft-north-eaft of Auxonne. 
MONTMOREAU', a town ofFrance, in the department 
of the Charente: twelve miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Barbe- 
zieux, and fifteen fouth of Angoulefme. 
MONT'MORENCY, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Aube : fixteen miles north of Bar. 
MONT'MORENCY, a town of France, and feat of a 
tribunal^ 
