744 
MON T M O R E N C Y. 
tribunal, in the department of the Seine and Oife : fix 
'miles weft of Gonnefl'e, and feven north of Paris. Lat. 
48. 59. N. Ion. 2. 24. E. 
MONT'MORENCY, a river of Canada, which, after 
■ an irregular courfe over a rocky country, falls into the 
river St. Lawrence, over a precipice nearly inaperpendi- 
. cular line about 240 feet. The breadth of the river at 
the top of the fall is about fifty feet. The cataraft is about 
feven miles below Quebec. 
MONT'MORENCY, a town of Lower Canada, on a 
river of the fame name, which runs into the river St. 
Lawrence : five miles north-eaft of Quebec. 
MONT'MORENCY (Anne de), premier baron, peer, 
marlhal, grand-mafter, and conftable, of France, born in 
1493, was fecond Ion of William lord of Montmorency, 
reprefentative of one of the molt illuftrious lioufes in the 
kingdom. He received his female chriftian name from his 
godmother Anne of Britanny, queen of France. He was 
brought up at the court of Francis I. and was prefent at 
- the battle of Marignan in 1515. He was one of the train 
of that king at the celebrated interview with Henry VIII. 
between Guines and Ardres ; and was afterwards fent to 
England to oppofe the machinations of Charles V. In 
1321 he fuccefsfully defended Mezieres againft the army of 
the emperor ; and afterwards commanded in the Milanefe 
as captain-general of the Swifs. He was made a marlhal of 
France in 1522, and in the following year obliged the 
conftable of Bourbon to raife the fiege of Marfeilles. The 
government of Languedoc was conferred upon him for 
his fervices, and in 1525 he was made prifoner with his 
king at the battle of Pavia. After his liberation he con¬ 
tinued to be employed on feveral important occafions, and 
in particular he contributed much to ruin the army with 
which the emperor in perfon had invaded Provence. The 
fword of conftable was entrufted to him in 1538 by Francis', 
whom he accompanied to Nice, where a truce was ligned 
between the two rival monarchs in prefence of the pope. 
When Charles V. on occafion of the revolt of the people 
of Ghent, had requefted a paflage through France, under 
promife to reftore Milan, Montmorency adviled his fo- 
vereign to rely upon his word, and in confequence he was 
received with every demonftration of friendlhip. But, 
when Francis in the end found himfelf duped, his difplea- 
lure fell upon the conftable, who was banifhed the court, 
to which he did not return till the acceflion of Henry II. 
That prince honoured him with his particular confidence, 
and fent him in 1548 into Guienne to fupprefs an infur- 
rection on account of the tax on fait ; on which oqpafion 
he treated the city of Bourdeaux with great feverity. In 
1552 he took Metz, Toul, and Verdun; and in the next 
year defeated the Imperialills before Authie. Fortune, 
however, deferted him at the battle of St. Quintin in 1557, 
when he was defeated and made prifoner. In the fhort 
reign of Francis II. the Guiles were all-powerful, and 
Montmorency was difgraced, chiefly through the influ¬ 
ence of Catharine de Medicis, who bore him ill-will on 
account of his having adviled Henry II. to repudiate her 
during the fterility of her firft years of marriage. The ac- 
cellion of Charles IX. in 1560 recalled him to court, and 
his arrival was attended with an exertion of authority 
that did him honour. Finding the king at Orleans fur- 
rounded with guards, he alked what they did there, and 
whether the king was not fafe in the mid ft of his fubjefts; 
and immediately difmifled them. He found it expedient 
to reconcile himfelf to the duke of Guife, with whom, and 
the marlhal St. Andre, he formed a party called the tri¬ 
umvirate. The religious troubles loon broke out, in 
which the conftable took part with great warmth againft 
the Calvinifts, diffipating their allemblies, and burning 
the pulpits of their minifters. Yet the Colignis, the heads 
of the proteftant party, were his nephews ; but, in religi¬ 
ous and political contefts, relationlhip generally proves a 
weak bond of union. When thefe violences had produced 
a civil war, the conftable commanded the royal army at 
the battle of Dreux in 1652, which was remarkable for the 
capture of the oppolite generals, Montmorency and the 
prince of Conde. Being liberated the'following year, he 
took Havre-de-Grace from the Englifh. On the renewal 
of hoftilities between the two religions, the conftable, 
whofe zeal and vigour were not impaired by his advanced 
years, attacked the army of the prince of Conde, at St. 
Denis, in November 1567, and Ipft his life in the adlion. 
He received eight wounds, the laft of which was a piftol- 
Ihot in the loins ; but he ftill retained force enough to 
beat out the teeth of the affailant with the hilt of his 
fword. Finding himfelf mortally wounded, he began to 
prepare for death ; and, when a cordelier offered to aflift 
him, 11 Do you think (laid he in a firm tone) that a man 
who has lived near fourfcore years with honour, does not 
Icnow how to die in a quarter of an hour ?” He expired 
foon after, at the age of feventy-four; and was interred 
with almoft royal honours at Paris. 
The conftable Montmorency ranks among the illuftri¬ 
ous men of his age, though his great qualities were ba¬ 
lanced by many defeats. In temper he was harfh, auftere, 
and dictatorial, obftinate in his opinions, and impatient 
of contradiction. He was accounted exceedingly pious, 
but his religion was much more that of a foldier than of 
a Chriftian. Brantome gives the following lively picture 
of it. “ He never failed every morning to fay his pater- 
nofters, whether he ftaid at home or mounted on horfe- 
back ; but it was a faying in the army, ‘ Take care of the 
paternofters of monfieur the conftable ;’ for his way was, 
while reciting or muttering them, as any diforders or ir¬ 
regularities came in his view, to cry, * Take me up fuch 
a man ; Tie that other to a tree, and lhoot him ; Cut me 
in pieces thofe fcoundrels who hold out that fteeple againft 
the king ; Burn this village ; Set fire to the country for a 
quarter of a league round;’ and all this without any in- 
termiflion of his paters till he had finilhed them, as he 
would have thought it a great fin to put them off for an¬ 
other hour, fo tender was his confidence.” This fcrupu- 
lous devotion, and his intolerant zeal againft herefy, have 
however given him the epithet of a Chriftian hero ; and he 
prided himfelf in nothing more than in being the firft 
Chriftian baron of Europe. His great political maxim 
was, “ One faith, one law, one king;” and he fteadily 
fupported the royal authority amid all the ftorms and vi- 
ciflitudes of fadtion. Brantome. Moreri. Millot. 
MONT'MORENCY (Henry, Duke of), grandfon of 
the preceding, and fon of Henry duke of Montmorency, 
ufually called Damville, was born in 1593. No French 
nobleman of his time was fo much diftinguifhed for a fine 
perfon joined to the fplendid qualities which attradt ge¬ 
neral admiration. He was railed to the high office of ad¬ 
miral of France at the age of eighteen, and ferved with 
great valour and fuccefs againft the Proteftants in Lan¬ 
guedoc and other places. He was rewarded with the ftafr 
of marlhal added to his government of Languedoc ; and 
might have attained the higheft honours in the path of 
duty, when difappointment of the family-office of confta.- 
ble rendered him a malcontent, and brought on his ruin. 
Gallon duke of Orleans, the king’s brother, perpetually 
confpiring againft the court and the prime minifter car¬ 
dinal Richelieu, and as conftantly deferring and giving 
up his partifans to make his own peace, drew him into a 
revolt, the fatal ifiue of which has been related under 
the article France, vol. vii. p. 725. After the battle of 
Caftelnaudari, in which, after performing prodigies of 
valour, he was taken prifoner, the furgeon who examined 
his wounds congratulated him that none of them were 
dangerous; “ You miftake,” he repiied ; “ there is not 
the flighted of them which is not mortal.” Hi:? profecu- 
tion was carried on before the parliament of Touloufe; 
and, being of courfe fentenced to die, he was adviled to 
appeal to a higher tribunal ; but this he refufed, faying, 
“ I will not ufe any chicanery to lave my life.” An offi¬ 
cer, who was called as a witnefs on his trial, being afked 
if he had recognifed the duke in the fight, replied, with 
tears in his eyes, “ The fire and lfnoke with which he 
1 was 
