M O N 
was covered, hindered me at firft from diftingulfhing him; 
but obferving a man who, after breaking lix of our ranks, 
was ftill doing execution on the feventh, I judged that it 
could be no other then M. de Montmorency. I did not, 
however, afcertain it, till I faw him on the ground under 
his dead horfe.” There could be no doubt of his guilt; 
but never was there a criminal whofe fate was more pitied, 
or for whom more interceflion was made. All was in 
vain; the inflexibility of the cardinal, feconded by the 
coldnefs of the king, precluded all hope of mercy. He 
died with that refigned humiliation of fpirit which re¬ 
ligion fo forcibly infpires. He acknowledged his crime, 
the magnitude of which, and the neceflity of making a 
great example in fuch turbulent times, leems fully to juf- 
tify his execution ; though no aft of Richelieu’s admi- 
niftration brought more odium upon him. It appears, by 
the memoirs of M. Puyfegur, that this illuftrious culprit 
was decapitated by the douloir , an inftrument of death 
much refembling the modern guillotine. Leaving no 
ifl'ue, the principal branch of the houfie of Montmorency 
terminated with him. Though he had not been a faith¬ 
ful hufband, his wife cherilhed his memory with great af¬ 
fection, and finally retired to a convent. His lifter was 
that beautiful princefs of Cor.de, who excited fo violent 
and difgraeeful a paflion in the breaft of Henry IV. during 
the latter years of his life. 
MONTMORILLON'. See Mont Morillon, p. 712. 
MONTMORIN', a town of France, in the department 
of the Higher Alps : nine miles weft of Serres. 
MONTMORIN', a town of the ltate of Pennfylvania, 
on the Ohio : eighteen miles below Pittfburgh. 
MONTMO'RT, a town of France, in the department 
of the Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt 
of Epernay. The place contains 622, and the canton 
7075, inhabitants. 
MONTMO'RT (Peter Raymond de), an able mathe¬ 
matician, was born at Paris in 1678. He was intended 
for the profeflion of the law, to enable him to qualify for 
a place in the magiftracy. Finding his difguft to this 
lan infuperable, and that his father would not relax in 
is intentions, he withdrew into England, whence he 
palled over into the Low Countries, and thence into Ger¬ 
many, where he refided with a near relation, M. Chambois, 
the plenipotentiary of France at the diet of Ratilbon. 
He returned to France in 1699 ; and in a very Ihort time 
his father died, leaving him an ample fortune, and at 
perfed: liberty to purine the bent of his inclinations. 
From this time he devoted his talents to the ftudy of 
philofophy and the mathematics, under the direction of 
the celebrated Malebranche, to whom he had, lomp years 
before, felt greatly indebted for the conviction of the 
truth of Chriltianity, by perufing his work on the Search 
after Truth. In 1700 he went a fecond time to England ; 
and on his return aflumed the ecclefiaftical habit, and 
fucceeded to a canonry in the church of Notre-Dame, at 
Paris, on the relignation of his younger brother. About 
this time he printed, at his own expenfe, the works of 
M. Guifnee on the Application of Algebra to Geometry, 
and that of Newton on the Quadrature of Curves. In 
1703 he publilhed his Analytical Eflay on Games of 
Chance, which was moft favourably received by men of 
fcience in all countries, and contributed greatly to in- 
creafe the number of his acquaintance and correfpondents. 
A fecond edition of the Games of Chance, enlarged and 
improved, he publilhed in 1714. In the following year 
he paid a third villi to England, for the purpofe of ob¬ 
ferving a folar ecliple, which was to be total at London ; 
and during his llay in the metropolis of England he was 
elefted a fellow of the Royal Society, to which learned 
body he loon afterwards tranfmitted an important trea- 
tife on Infinite Series, which was inferted in the Philofo- 
phical TranfaCtions for the year 1717. He was eleCted 
an afiociate of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris in 
1716; and died at the early age of forty-one of the fmajl- 
pox. He could relblve the moft difficult problems in 
VOL. XV. No. 1080. 
M O N 745 
company, and among the noife of playful children. He 
was employed feveral years in writing a Hiftory of Geo¬ 
metry, but he did not live to complete it. Moreri. 
MONTOI'R, f [French.] In horfemanfnip, a ftone or 
block as high as the ftirrups, which Italian riding-mafters 
mount their horles from, without putting their foot in, 
the ftirrup. 
MONTOI'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Loire and Cher: nine miles .fouth-weft of Vendomc, 
and twenty-one north-well of Blois. 
MONTOI'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lower Loire : twelve miles eaft of Guerande. 
MONTOLIEU', a town of France, in the department 
of the Aude: eight miles north-well of Carcaflone, and 
eight eaft of Callelnaudary. 
MONTON', a town of France, in the department of 
the Puy de Dome: nine miles north-north-wed of Iffoipe, 
and feven fouth-fouth-eaft of Clermont. 
MONTO'NA, a town of Iftria: fixteen miles eaft-fouth- 
eaft of Umago. 
MONTO'NE, an ifland in the Gulf of Venice, near the 
poaft of Friuli. Lat. 45. 50. N. Ion. 31.9. E. 
MONTO'NE, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Ap- 
pennines, and runs into the Adriatic below Ravenna. 
MONTONG', a to.v/n of Africa, near Cape Lopez Gon- 
falvo : ten miles north of Olibato. 
MONTO'RIQ, a town of Italy, in the Veronele : four 
miles eaft of Verona, on a fmail river which rifes in tb,e 
valley of Squirano. 
MON'EO'RIO, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra: 
fix miles fouth-weft of Teramo. Lat. 42. 33. N. Ion. 13. 
51. E. 
MONTO'RO, a town of Spain, in the province of 
CordQva: twenty-two miles north-eaft of Cordova. 
MONTOU'R, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude : thirty- 
five miles weft of Cnrrah. 
MONTOY'ro, a town of Portugal in Alentejo: thir¬ 
teen miles eaft of Evora. 
MONTPAO'N, a town of France, in the department of 
the Aveiron : twelve miles fouth of Milhau, and twelve 
eaft of Vabres. 
MONTPEL'LAS, a town of Savoy: feven miles eaft- 
north-eaft of Chambery. 
MONTPELLIE'R, a city of France, and capital of 
the department of the Herault. This city was built on 
a hill near the river Lez, after Charlemagne had demo- 
lilhed Maguelone, the afylurri of the Saracens in their de¬ 
predations; and the bilhop’s fee was eftabiifhed in this 
city. An univerfity for the ftudy of medicine was founded 
herein 1180, and an academy of fciences in 1706. The 
ftreets of this city are narrow, but the houfes good: the 
citadel commands the town and its vicinity. The chief 
manufacture of this place is verdigris; and its trade, which 
is confiderable, conlifts of this article, and wool brought 
hither from the Mediterranean ; and alfo wine, aqua vitae, 
Hungary-water, cinn?mon-water, capillaire, ellence of ber¬ 
gamot, lemons, See. and great quantities qf woollen car¬ 
pets, fullians, and filk (lockings. Tbefe commodities are- 
conveyed by the canal to Cette, which is the fea-port of 
Montpellier. The city is divided into three feblions: 
the firft contains 15,000 inhabitants, the fecond 13,419, 
and the third 5494; in all, 33,113. The environs of this 
city are delicious and highly ornamented, and its aque- 
dubl is extenlive : it has been particularly celebrated for 
the falubrity of its air, and its ancient fchool of medi¬ 
cine. The prolpedl is fingularly extenfive and intereft- 
ing as it embraces the Pyrennees on one fide, and on the 
other the grander fupmits of the Alps. Its temperature, 
according to the eftimate of Kirwan, from 1777 to 1781, 
was 6 o°. 87. The ilandard temperature being 59 0 , Mont¬ 
pellier is i°. 87 wanner. Its diftance from the Atlantic ;s 
260 miles, by which itihould be cooled i°.6. but its tem¬ 
perature is governed chiefly by that of the Mediterraneap, 
which, lying to the fouth of it in ftill warmer latitudes, 
communicates its temperature to it both fummer and win- 
9 D terj 
