784 M O R 
MORALE'DA, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Grenada: ten miles eaft of Loja. 
MOR'ALER, f. A moralizer. Not in ufe.—Come, 
you are too fevere a moraler. Shakefpeare. 
MORALE'JA, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Leon : fix miles fouth-eaft of Zamora. 
MORA'LES (Criftofero), an eminent Spaniffi com- 
pofer of mufic, in the fervice of the pontifical chapel at 
Rome, and who flourished from the year 1540 to 1564. He 
preceded Paleftrina, who was not twelve years old when 
Morales firft appeared as a compofer. Several of his pro¬ 
ductions were publilhed at Venice among thofe of Cof- 
tanzo Fefta, Adrian Willaert, and Archadelt, with whom 
lie was contemporary, befides the following works, to 
which no other name was prefixed than his own. 1. Two 
Books of Malles; the firft for five voices ; the fecond was 
dedicated to pope Paul III. for four; Venice, 1544. 
2. Magnificat 8 Tonorum, 4 Voc. Ven. 1562. 3. Lamen- 
tationes Hieremiae, 4, 5, & 6, Vocum, Ven. 1564. Adami 
(Olfervazioni, p. 165.) tells us that his famous motet, 
“ Lamentabatur Jacob,” which w'as preferved in the ar¬ 
chives of the pontifical chapel, at the beginning of the 
prefent century, and annually fung on the firft Sunday 
in Lent, is a wonderful compoiition. Several of his 
motets were publifhed at Venice 1543, among the “ Mo- 
tettae trium Vocum ab pluribus Authoribus compofitse;” 
and are preferved in the Bytilh Mufeum : the ftyle of 
which, though learned for the time, is fomewhat dry, 
and the harmony, by his frequent ufe of unaccompanied 
4ths and 9ths, uncouth and infipid ; yet, till lupplanted 
by the more pleating works of Paleftrina, his compofitions 
were in very high favour at Rome, in the papal chapel, 
where he was a finger during the pontificate of Paul III. 
MORA'LES (Ambrolio de), a Spanilh hiftorian and 
antiquarian, was born at Cordova in the year 1513. His 
father Antonio, was a phyfician of fuch high reputation, 
that the marquis de Pliego prefented him the houfe in 
which Seneca was laid to have lived, faying, that the 
dwelling of the wifeft Cordovan ought to be inhabited 
by none but by a Cordovan who was himfelf equally 
wife. Fernan Perez de Oliva was his maternal grand¬ 
father, and Ambrofio fays, that he availed himfelf of his 
learned geographical work, “ Imacen del Mundo,” as of 
a thing which was his own by inheritance. His youthful 
ftudies were direfted by perfons of the higheft repute; 
he became a good Grecian at an early age, and, while but 
a mere child, he tranflated the Fable of Cebes. Notwith- 
ftanding his afpirations after literary fame, religious en- 
thufiafm mingled with, and at one time totally fuppreffed, 
them. He wrote at the beginning and end of his books 
the name of Jefus, with an alpha and omega, and com- 
pofed the following couplet in honour of the name : 
Duke mihi nihil efie precor, fi nomen Jefu 
Dulce abfit cum fit hoc fine dulce nihil, 
which he tranfcribed into all his books, frequently ufing 
as a motto Tiempo fue, que tiempo no fue; “Time was 
when time was not.” Sometimes he would ufe as an 
emblem, four ravens flying down with bread and meat 
in their bills, in reference to Elijah, with the motto 
“Adji'cientur.” 
At the age of nineteen he renounced the world, and 
entered into a convent under the name of Ambrofio de 
Santo Paulo. The world he had already conquered ; but 
in the ardour of youth he had other pafiions to contend 
with, and which were not fo eafily fubdued. Determining 
to fecure himfelf from the fin to which he felt himfelf 
moft prone, he followed the example of Origen, in the 
completed and moft dangerous way. He recovered from 
the eftedts of the wound ; his fanaticifm fobered down into 
a quiet and fettled bigotry, but it ceafed to be a ruling 
paffion. In confequence of this circumftance, he was 
either expelled the order, or quitted it of his own accord. 
He fet off for Rome, and narrowly efcaped drowning: the 
danger that he thus incurred he confidered as a manifeft 
M O R 
fign that he was not to proceed on the voyage, and, inftead 
of going to Rome for a difpenfation to be permitted to re¬ 
move, he went to court, where his friends had intereft 
enough to procure it for him ; and ever afterwards he 
lived as a fecular prieft. Soon, after this his father died, 
and he was appointed to a profefforfhip at Alcala. 
The objefif of his mofc ardent willies was to excel as a 
Caftilian writer, to inveftigate the antiquities and wuite 
the hiftory of Spain. He began to collect materials for 
this work in 1541, but it was not for twenty years that 
he fet himfelf ferioufly to the fubjedt of arrangement in 
order to publication; and even then he was deterred from 
advancing, under the notion that Florian Ocampo, the 
famouschronicler, who had pubiifned the fabulous hiftory, 
had alfo proceeded down to the Gothic period, and 
written the antiquaries alfo. At length he was unde¬ 
ceived, and found that Ocampo had made no progrefs 
beyond what he had publilhed; and on the death of that 
author he was made chronicler himfelf. His firft appear¬ 
ance as an author was as the defender of Zurita againft 
his enemies. After this he publilhed feveral other pieces; 
and, having brought down his hiftory to the deftrudfion 
of the Gothic kingdom, he was fent through Leon, Gal- 
licia, and Afturias, to examine the ftate of the reliques, 
archives, royal fepulchres, and libraries, in thole pro¬ 
vinces. This million employed him feveral months ; but 
his journal was not publilhed from the original MS. in 
the Efcurial till the year 176;; fince which it has been 
inferted in the complete collection of Ambrofio’s works, 
in 1791-2. 
The firft volume of hiftory was publilhed at Alcala in 
1574; and in 1577 he brought out the fecond, and with 
it the book of the Antiquities of Spain, which had been 
printed two years. The remaining volume was long de¬ 
layed, for in 1578 he was appointed to the office of vicar 
and adminiftrator of the hofpital de la Puente del Arzo- 
bifpo, which he held four years, and then refigned, becaufe 
the duties enjoined by it were too weighty for a man of 
his years and habits. His third volume, and with that 
his labour, was finiffied in 1583, when he was in the 
feventieth year of his age ; the hiftory was brought down 
to the year 1037. He died in 1591, at the age of feventy- 
eight, and was buried at Cordova, in the church of the 
Martyrs, by a chapel, to the building of which he had 
largely contributed. Cardinal Sandoval, one of his pupils, 
eredted a fine monument in gratitude to his memory, 
which, however, was not completed till after his own 
death. The works of Morales are faid to be of very great 
value: “ As an antiquarian he may be called the Cam¬ 
den of Spain ; and as an hiftorian,” Mr. Southey afierts, 
“ we have none with whom he can be paralleled.” 
Gen. Biog. 
MORA'LEZ, a town of Spain, in the province of Leon : 
three miles fouth of Zamora. 
MORA'LEZ, a town of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of St. Martha, on the Madalena : thirty-two miles 
fouth of Tamalameque. 
MOR'ALIST, f. One who teaches the duties of life. 
— I have often heard my truly noble and moft dear 
nephew, fir Edmund Bacon, fay, that Nature furely, if 
Ihe be u'ell ftudied, is the belt moralijl, and hath much 
good counfel hidden in her bolom. Wotton on Education. 
—A mere moral man.—The love (in the moralijl of 
virtue, but in the Chriftian) of God himfelf. Hammond. 
—How feverely, though blindly, do they judge of men’s 
hearts ! Such a man is profane, another is carnal, and a 
meer moralijl. South. 
MORAL'ITY, /'. The dodlrine of the duties of life; 
ethics.—The lyftem of morality, to be gathered out of the 
writings of ancient Images, falls very Ihort of that delivered 
in the gofpel. Sivift. — A neceffity of finning is as im- 
poffible in morality, as any the greatell difficulty can be 
in nature. Balter o?i Learning. —The form of an action 
which makes it the fubjedt ot reward, or puniffiment.-r- 
The morality of an action is founded in the freedom of 
x that 
