M O R 
of which he published a defcription, under the title of 
“The Defcription and USe of Two Arithmetic Initru- 
ments : together with a lliort Treatife, explaining the or¬ 
dinary Operations of Arithmetic, Sec. Prefented to his 
mod excellent Majefty, Charles II. by S. Morland, in 
j662.” This work, which is exceedingly rare, is illus¬ 
trated with twelve plates, in which the different parts 
of the machine are exhibited ; and whence it appears that 
the four fundamental rules in arithmetic are very readily 
worked, and, to ufe the author’s own words, “ without 
charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or expofing 
the operations to any uncertainty.” That thefe machines 
-were at the time brought into practice there feems no 
reafon to doubt, as, by an advertisement prefixed to Mr. 
Morland’s work, it appears that they were manufactured 
for Sale by Humphry Adanfon, who lived with Jonas 
Moore, efq. in the Tower of London. 
In this place, we may juft notice, that the late earl 
Stanhope, about thirty years Since, invented two machines 
for the like purpofes as thofe of Mr. Morland were in¬ 
tended ; and it is faid his lordfhip, v.’hen propofing a plan 
to parliament for the reduction of the national debt, 
verified the truth of all his calculations by means of thofe 
inftruments, of which the following is a brief defcription. 
The fmalleft machine, which is intended for the firlt two 
rules of addition and Subtraction, is not larger than an 
oCtavo volume; and, by means of dial-plates, and Small 
indices moveable with a Steel pin, the operations are per¬ 
formed with undeviating accuracy. The Second, and by 
far the moll curious, inftrument, is about half the fize of 
a common table writing-defk. By this, problems in mul¬ 
tiplication and divifion, of almoft any extent, are Solved 
without the poffibility of a miftake, by the Simple revolu¬ 
tion of a fmall winch. The multiplier and multiplicand 
in one inftance, and the divifor and dividend in the other, 
are firft properly arranged ; then, by turning the wfincl), 
the produff or quotient is found. What always appears 
Singular and furprifing to Spectators is, that, in working 
Sums in divifion, if the operator be inattentive to his 
bufinefs, and thereby attempts to turn the handle a Single 
revolution more than he ought, he is inftantly admonifhed 
of his miftake by the Sudden Springing up of a fmall 
ivory ball. 
MOR'LAND (George), an eminent English painter, 
was the pupil of his father, Henry Robert Morland, an 
indifferent painter of portraits, and Subjects of domeftic 
life. He was born in 1764.; and at a very early period 
exhibited fo Strong an inclination for painting, that he 
very foon SurpaSSed his teacher, and aftifted to maintain 
the family, then involved in poverty. 
So much are we the creatures of habit, that it requires 
a more than ufual Scope of the reafoning powers, or of 
fortunate incidents, to draw our afteftions from the Scenes 
of youthful life ; or lead us to See the folly even of vice, 
when exhibited in the examples of thole who Surround 
us from the cradle. Such was the unhappy lot of 
Morland. His parents were people of irregular habits, 
involved in diftrefs, obliged to labour as they could for 
an uncertain Supply of bread, and mixing with the low 
and the vulgar. Thus our artift was initiated very foon 
into the myfteries of the gin-lhop, the ale-houfe, and the 
liable; and, in thefe abodes of vice and mifery, he un¬ 
fortunately made his Selection of exiftence and of ftudy. 
Though thus irregular, yet, aided by a natural power 
to perceive the beauties of colour, and having acquired 
by his early practice a ready hand in the exercife of the 
pencil, he produced a number of works poffefling very 
Striking beauties. His favourite Subjects were interiors 
of Stables, pig-ftyes, farm-yards, doors of public-houfes, 
&c. thefe he touched with great freedom and eafe, and 
frequently with very beautiful colour. Some of his 
Smaller piflures of pigs wallowing, or Surrounded by 
young ones, playing or Sucking, are mafter-pieces of their 
kind. The agreeable hue he gave to them, and the fami¬ 
liarity of his Subjects, procured him considerable employ- 
Vol. XV. No. 1086. 
M O R 813 
ment, and afforded him the means of diffipation ; in which 
unhappily he indulged to excefs, and Soon !b far fur- 
paffed thofe means, that he fell into debt, and was con¬ 
fined in the king’s-bench prifon. Here his talents were 
laid under contribution by frame-makers, piCture-deal- 
ers, and others, who, taking advantage of his weak addic¬ 
tion to liquor, indulged his caprice and his wants; taking 
i-n return the ingenious productions of his pencil: thele 
they fold again to great profit; and, if Some of them, 
more Speculative than the reft, releafed him from im¬ 
prisonment, it was only to confine him in a private houfe, 
and take to themfelves all the benefit of his labours; 
preventing any knowledge to the world of the place where 
he refided, and keeping him in almoft a content State of 
intoxication. It could not be expeCted, that in Such a 
mode of exiftence the vital Spark Should long Support the 
bodily frame ; and, consequently, at an age when, in men 
of proper conduCt, the phyfical and mental powers are in 
a Slate of maturity, he fell into decay, and a permature 
diffolution clol'ed his mortal courfe. He died OCtober 29, 
1804, in the fortieth year of his age; and his wife Sur¬ 
vived him only three days. 
MORLA'NE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lower Pyrenees: twelve miles eaft of Orthez, and 
twelve north of Pau. 
MOR'LENBACH, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of the Lower Rhine : Seven miles fouth-eail of Hep- 
penheim. 
MOR'LEY (Thomas), bachelor of mufic, and one of 
the gentlemen of queen Elizabeth’s chapel, who, though 
a good practical mufician, acquired more celebrity by his 
treatife, entitled, “ A plaine and eafie Introduction to 
Practical Mulicke,” than by his performance or compo¬ 
sitions, though eminent for both. If due allowance be 
made for the quaintnefs of the dialogue and llyie of the 
times, and the work be considered as the firft regular 
treatife on mufic that was printed in our language, the 
author will merit great praife for the learning and in¬ 
struction it contains. At prefent, indeed, its utility is 
very much diminished, by the difufe of many things 
which colt him great pains to explain; as well as by the 
introduction of new methods of notation, new harmonies, 
and new modulations, Since his time, which, to render 
intelligible, require a more recent elementary treatife. 
Yet, though this work is redundant in Some particulars, 
and deficient in others, it is Still curious, and juftly allowed 
to have been excellently adapted to the wants of the age 
in which it was written. Its late re-publication in the 
original form, whatever honour it may refieCt on the 
memory of the author, Somewhat difgraces later times, 
which (Says Dr. Burney) have not Superseded this trea¬ 
tise, by producing a better and more complete book of 
general inltruCtions in English, after the lapfe of So many 
years, and the perpetual cultivation and practice of the 
art, in our country, both by native muficians and 
foreigners. 
The gammut and time-table employ the eight or nine 
firft pages of this work. After which, moods, ligatures, 
points of imperfection, and alteration, augmentation, 
and diminution, all now obfolete, occupy fifty pages. 
The Second part likewile is wafted in frivolous dialogue 
and new ulelefs matter. The definitions of concords 
and dilcords, indeed, and their ufe in difeant, or plain 
counterpoint, are the Subjects of conversation ; but the 
knowledge it conveys is fo inadequate to prefent pur¬ 
pofes, and the Student is led to it by Such an indirect 
road, that it is to be feared he will be lb bewildered in 
the purfuit, as to acquire but little clear gain for his 
trouble. The third part contains more curious Speci¬ 
mens of ufeful knowledge in old counterpoint, than the 
reft of the book. He is much obliged, however, to 
Tigrini, whole Compendium was published at 1588, and 
others, for many of his examples, whole names ought 
not to have been concealed. Tigrini has indeed been 
pillaged with fuch hafte, that a typographical error has 
9 X not 
