M A C 
MAC 
eaftward of this point, clofe to the fliore, are two iflands; 
one of them very flat, long, and even; and the other fwel- 
]ing into a hill; but both were covered with trees, Hawkef. 
Voy. vol. i. 
MACA'TES, a town of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena: twenty-five miles fouth-eaft of Car- 
thagena. 
MACAU', a town of France, in the department of the 
Gironde: ten miles north of Bourdeaux. 
MACAU'CO, or Maucau'co. See the article Lemur, 
vol. xii. p. 4.72-4.76. 
MACAU'DO, or Corbata'gi, a river of Sicily, which 
runs into the fea three miles fouth-eaft of Sciacca. 
MACAU'LAY (Catharine), afterwards Graham, a 
diftinguifhed female writer in hiftory and politics, was the 
youngett daughter of John Sawbridge, efq. of Ollantigh, 
in Kent, an alderman of London. Her education appears 
to have been conducted upon a plan at that time unufual 
for her fex. “ From my early youth ((he fays) I have 
read with delight thofe hiftories that exhibit liberty in 
its molt exalted (late, the annals of the Roman and Greek 
republics. The effect which almolt conftantly attends fuch 
reading operated upon my inclinations in the ltrongeft man¬ 
ner, and liberty became the objeft of a fecondary worfhip 
in my delighted imagination.” This imprefiion was never 
effaced from her ardent mind, and decided her future cha¬ 
racter. Of the hiftory of her life, very few circumftances 
are recorded. In 1760 (he married Dr. George Macaulay, 
a phyfician in London, by whom ihe had a daughter. She 
foon after commenced her literary career, and in 1763 
publifhed the firft volume in quarto of her “ Hiftory of 
England, from the Acceflion of James I. to that of the 
Brunfwick Line.” This was continued in fucceflive vo¬ 
lumes to the eighth, which completed the work, in 1783. 
The fpirit of this hiftory may be denominated purely re¬ 
publican. Not only are the arbitrary principles of the 
houfe of Stuart expofed with rigorous fcrutiny, but mo¬ 
narchical government, with its appendages of hereditary 
nobility and honorary diftinftions, is depreciated in the 
comparifon with a popular commonwealth. This bias, 
operating upon a warm difpofition, has produced, indeed, 
a noble glow for the rights of mankind, and an elevated 
(train of fentiinent in judging of the intrinfic excellence 
of character; but has unavoidably warped her reprefenta- 
tion of perfons and events, and gives her work the ap¬ 
pearance of a party-memorial, rather than of a calm un¬ 
prejudiced hiftory. The ftyle is nervous and animated, 
but fometimes loofe and inaccurate ; the reflexions, fre¬ 
quently acute and (agacious, denoting a mind of no com¬ 
mon reach. Thefe volumes were read with great avidity 
at their publication by thofe who coincided with the au¬ 
thor in general principles, and whofe zeal was kindled by 
the party-contelfs prevalent at the beginning of this reign. 
They have fince funk in the public eftimation; and the 
work can fcarcely be reckoned to have taken a place 
among the (tandard productions of the age. While Mrs. 
Macatday was in the height of her fame, (lie excited the 
enthufiaftic admiration of Dr. Wilfon, retftor of St. Ste¬ 
phen’s, Wailbrook, who, befides other proofs of his at¬ 
tachment, conferred upon her the unprecedented honour 
-of placing a ftatue of her, while living, in the chancel of 
his church : it was, however, removed by his fucceflor. 
Her other works were, 2. Remarks on Hobbes’s Rudiments 
of Government and Society, 1767 ; and, 3. Loofe Remarks 
on fome of Mr. Hobbes’s Pofitions, 1769 ; the latter being 
an augmented edition of the former. The purpofe of 
thefe is to (how the fuperiority of republican to monarchi¬ 
cal government. 4. Obfervations on a Pamphlet entitled, 
Thoughts on the Caufes of the prefent Difcontents, 1770 : 
this is a reply to a celebrated pamphlet of Mr. Burke’s, 
meant to expofe the ariftocratical principles of that wri¬ 
ter. 5. An Addrefs to the People of England, Scotland, 
and Ireland, on the prefent important Crifis of Affairs, 
1775. 6. A Treatife on the Immutability of Moral Truth. 
This worx enters into the metaphylics of ethics, and has 
Vol. XIV, No. 952. 
9 
many juft and forcible obfervations; but is deftifute of 
the accuracy of argumentation requiiite upon fuch topics. 
7. Letters on Education. Thefe are partly a republica¬ 
tion of the lalt work, and partly original; they appear to 
have added little to her literary reputation. Mrs. Macau¬ 
lay, who was left a widow, entered in 1778 into a fecond 
matrimonial connexion with Mr. Graham; a ftep, in 
which the great difparity of years expofed her to fome 
ridicule. Jn 1785 (he took a voyage to America, for the 
purpofe of vifiting the illuftrious Waffiington, with whom 
(he had previoufly correfponded. On her return, (he re¬ 
tired with her hu(band to a fmall houfe in Leicefter(hire ; 
and died in June 1791. 
MACAW',/.’ A divifion of the genus of parrots. See 
the article Psittacus. 
Where pheafants, parrots, and macaws, unfold 
Their many-colour’d plumes fuffus’d with gold. Anon. 
MACAW'-TREE, f. A fpecies of the palm-tree, very 
common in the Caribbee iftands, where the negroes pierce 
the tender fruit, whence iffues a pieafant liquor; and the 
body of the tree affords a folid timber, fuppofed by fome 
to be a fort of ebony. Miller .—See Cocos aculeata, vol. iv, 
p.736. 
MACA'Y, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Da¬ 
rnel. Lat. 15. 10. N. Ion. 15. 55. W. 
MACA'YA, a town of Africa, near the coaft of the 
Indian Sea, thirty-five miles north-north-eaft of Brava. 
MACBETH', an ufurper and tyrant, whom the im¬ 
mortal Sliakefpeare has configned to everlalting infamy, 
flouriftied in Scotland about the middle of the nth cen¬ 
tury. At this period Duncan was king, a mild and hu¬ 
mane prince, but not at all poilefled of the genius and 
difpofition for governing a country fo turbulent, and lb 
infelted by the intrigues and animofities of the great. 
Macbeth, a powerful nobleman, and nearly allied to the 
crown, not contented with curbing the king’s authority, 
carried (fill farther his mad ambition : he murdered Dun¬ 
can at Invernefs, and then feized upon the throne. Fear¬ 
ing left his ill-gotten power (hould be (tripped from him, 
he chafed Malcolm Kenmore, the fon and heir, into Eng¬ 
land, and put to death Mac Gill and Banquo, the two 
molt powerful men in his dominions. Macduff next be¬ 
coming the objedl of his fufpicions, he efcaped into Eng¬ 
land ; but the inhuman ufurper wreaked his vengeance 
on his wife and children, whom he caufed to be cruelly 
butchered. Siward, whofe daughter was married to Dun¬ 
can, embraced, by Edward’s orders, the protection of this 
diltrefled family. He marched an army into Scotland ; 
and, having defeated and killed Macbeth in battle, he re- 
ftored Malcolm to the throne of his anceftors. The tra¬ 
gedy founded upon the hiftory of Macbeth, though con¬ 
trary to the rules of the drama, contains an infinity of 
beauties with refpedl to language, character, palfion, and 
incident; and is thought to be one of the belt pieces, of 
the very belt mailer in this kind of writing, that the world 
ever produced. “ The danger of ambition,” fays Dr. 
Johnfon, “ is well deferibed ; and the paflions are directed 
to their true ends.” And the author of the Philofophic 
Arrangements fays, “ It is not only admirable as a poem, 
but one of the molt moral pieces exilting.” 
MACBRFDE (David, M.D.) a diftinguifhed phyfician, 
was born at Ballymony, in the county of Antrim, on the 
.26th of April, 1726. He was defeended from an ancient 
family of his name in the (hire of Galloway, in Scotland 
but his grandfather, who was bred to the church, was 
called to officiate at Belfaft to a congregation of Prefby- 
terians ; and his father became the minilter of Ballymony, 
where David was born. Having received the firft ele¬ 
ments of his education at the public fchool of this place, 
and ferved his apprenticeffiip to a furgeon, he went into 
the navy, firlt in the capacity of mate to an hofpital-ffiip, 
and fubfequently in the rank of furgeon, in which Ration 
he remained for fome years preceding the peace of Aix- 
, la-Chapelle. At this period he .was led* from the fre- 
-Q quent 
