M A C E D O N. 
of Pydna, a place which he reprefented as of much iefs 
importance to them ; promifing alfo to confer upon them 
many other advantages, which, however, he did not fpecify 
at that time. Thus the Athenians, deceived by the perfidy 
of their own magiftrates, elated with the hopes of recover¬ 
ing Amphipolis, and outwitted by the fuperior policy of 
Philip, rejected with difdain the protfers of the Olynthians. 
The ambafl'adors of Olynthus returned home highly dif- 
gufted with the reception they had met with ; but had 
fcarcetime to communicate the news to their countrymen, 
•when the ambafl'adors of Philip arrived at Olynthus. He 
pretended to condole with them on the affront they had re¬ 
ceived at Athens; but teftified his furprife that they fliould 
court the affiftance of that diftant and haughty republic, 
when they could avail themfelves of the powerful kingdom 
of Macedon, which wifited for nothing more than to enter 
into equal and lading engagements with their confederacy. 
As a proof of his moderation and fincerity, he offered to 
put them in poffeflion of Anthemus, an important town 
in the neighbourhood, of which the Macedonians had long 
claimed the jurifdiflion, making many other fair promifes; 
and, among the reft, that he would reduce for them the 
cities of Pydna and Potidaea, which he chofe rather to fee 
in dependence on Olynthus than Athens. Thus lie pre¬ 
vailed upon the Olynthians not only to abandon Amphi¬ 
polis, but to aflift him with all their power in the execu¬ 
tion of his defigns. 
Philip now loft no time in executing his purpofes on 
Amphipolis; and prefled the city fo clofely, that the peo¬ 
ple were glad to apply to the Athenians for relief. Ac¬ 
cordingly they difpatched two of their moft eminent citi¬ 
zens, Hierax and Stratocles, to reprefent the danger of an 
alliance betwixt Philip and the Olynthians, and to profefs 
their forrovv for having fo deeply offended the parent ftate. 
This reprefentation had fuch an effeff, that, though the 
Athenians were then deeply engaged in the focial war, they 
would probably have paid fome attention to the Amphi- 
politans, had not Philip taken care to fend them a letter 
with frefh affurances of friendftiip, acknowledging their 
right to Amphipolis, and which he hoped fiiortly to put 
into their hands in terms of his recent agreement. By 
rhefe fpecious pretences the Athenians were perfuaded to 
pay as little regard to the deputies of the Amphipolitans 
as they had already done to thofe of the Olynthians ; fo 
that the city, unable to defend itfelf alone againft fo pow¬ 
erful an enemy, furrendered at laft at dilcretion in the 
year 357 B.C. 
Philip ftill proceeded in the fame cautious and politic 
manner in which he had begun. Though the oblfinate 
defence of the Amphipolitans might have furniftieda pre¬ 
tence for feverity, he contented himfelf with banifhing a 
few of the popular leaders from whom he had moft caufe 
to dread oppoiltion, treating the reft of the inhabitants 
with all manner of clemency ; but took care to add Am¬ 
phipolis to his own dominions, from which he was deter¬ 
mined that it never fhould be feparated, notwithftanding 
the promifes he had made to the Athenians. Finding 
that it was not his intereft at this time to fall out with 
the Olynthians, he cultivated the friendftiip of that repub¬ 
lic with great afliduity ; and readily yielded to them the 
cities of Pydna and Potidaea, though they had given him 
but little afliftance in the reduction of thefe places. Po- 
tidrea had been garrifoned by the Athenians ; and them 
the artful king fent back without ranfom, lamenting the 
neceflity of his affairs which obliged him, contrary to his 
inclination, to oppofe their republic. Though this was 
rather too grofs, the Athenians at prefent were fo much 
engaged with the focial war, that they had not leifure to 
attend to the afFairs of other nations. 
Philip next projefted the conqueft of the gold-mines of 
Thrace. That rich and fertile country was now held by 
one Cotys, a prince of fuch weak intellectual faculties, 
that the fuperftition of the Greeks, into which he was 
newly initiated, had almoft entirely fubverted his reafon; 
and he wandered about in queft of the goddefs Mir.erva, 
VJ 
with whom he fancied himfelfin love. The invafion of the 
Macedonians, however, awakened him from his reverie; 
and, finding himfelf deftitute of other means of oppofi- 
tion, he attempted to flop the progrefs of the enemy by 
a lette.r. To this Philip paid no regard ; the Thracians 
were inftantly expelled from their poffefiions at Crenida;, 
where there were very valuable gold mines. Thefe had 
formerly been worked by colonies from Thafos and Athens; 
but the colonifts had long fince been expelled by the bar¬ 
barous Thracians, who knew not how to make ufe of the 
treafure they were in pofleflion of. Philip took the trou¬ 
ble to defcend into the mines himfelf, in order toinfpect the 
works; and, having caufed them to be repaired, planted a 
Macedonian colony atCrenidae, bellowed upon it the name 
of Philippi , and drew annually from the gold mines to the 
value of near 1000 talents, or 200,0001. iterling ; an int- 
menfe fum in thofe days. The coins ftruck here were 
likewife called Philippi. 
Philip, having obtained this valuable acquifition, next 
took upon him to fettle the affairs of Theffaly, where ever/ 
thing was in confulion. This country had been formerly 
oppreffed by Alexander tyrant of Pherae ; after whofe death 
three others appeared, viz. Tilliphornus, Pitholaus, and 
Lycophron, the brothers-in-law of Alexander, who had 
likewife murdered him. By the united efforts of the Thef* 
falians and Macedonians, however, thefe uiurpers were 
eafily overthrown, and effectually prevented from making 
any difturbhnces for the future; and the Thelfalians, cut 
of a miftaken gratitude, furrendered to Philip all the re¬ 
venues ariling from their fairs and towns of commerce, 
as well as all the conveniences of their harbours and (hip¬ 
ping; a conceftion which Philip took care to fecure in that 
molt efFe&ual manner. 
A fhort time after the birth of Alexander, Philip fet 
about the farther enlargement of his territories, which 
were already very confiderable. Pteonia was now one of 
his provinces; on the eaft his dominions extended to the 
fea of Thafos, and on the weft to the lake of Lychnidns. 
The Thelfalians were in effeft fubjeift to his jurifdi&ion, 
and the pofleflion of Amphipolis had fecured him many 
commercial advantages; he had a numerous and well-dif- 
ciplined army, with plentiful refources for fupporting fuch 
an armament, and carrying through the other icheines fug- 
gefted-by his ambition; though his deep and impenetrable 
policy rendered him more truly formidable/than all thefe 
put together. His firft fchemewas the reduction of Olyn¬ 
thus, the moft populous and fertile country on the bor¬ 
ders of Macedon ; after which his ambition prompted him 
to acquire the fovereignty of all Greece. To accomplilh 
the former, he had hitherto courted the friendlhip of the 
Olynthians by every poifible method ; and, without letting 
flip any opportunity to accomplilh the latter, he deprived 
the Athenians gradually of feveral of their fettlements in 
Thrace and Macedon. In thefe depredations, however, 
he took care always to give fuch appearance of juftice to 
his actions, that his antagonifts, who had ftudied the mat¬ 
ter lefs deeply, could not find a plaufible pretext for en¬ 
gaging in war againft him even when he had openly coin* 
mitted hoftiiities againft them. Philip eafily perceived 
that the afFairs of the Greeks were-coming to a crifis, and 
he determined to wait the event of tneir mutual difl'en- 
fions. That event did not difappoint his hopes. Ail 
Greece was foon again involved in the war called Phocian, 
from the name of the city about which it commenced. 
Philip at the beginning of the troubles was engaged in 
Thrace, where-a civil war had taken place among the fons 
of Cotys ; and, wherever Philip interfered, he was fure 
to make matters turn out to his own advantage. His en¬ 
croachments at length became fo enormous,> that Kerfo- 
bletes, the moft powerful of the contending princes, agreed 
to cede the Thracian Cherfonefus to the Athenians; who 
immediately fent Chares at the head of a powerful arma¬ 
ment to take pofleflion of it. In this expedition the town 
of Seftos was taken by florin, and the inhabitants cruelty 
treated by Chares, while Philip employed himfelf in the 
fiegs 
