3 ® 
M A C E D O N. 
ceafed king, foon began to entertain a perfonal love for 
Philip on account of his moderation. 
It is remarkable, however, that, notwithftanding all the 
favours which Alexander had conferred upon his officers, 
and the fidelity with which they had ferved him during 
his life, only two of them were attached to the interefts 
of his family after his death. Thefe were Antipater, and 
Eumenes the Cardian, whom he had appointed his fecre- 
tary. Antipater, as we have already feen, was embroiled 
with the Greeks, and could not affift the royal family who 
were in Afia ; and Eumenes had not as yet fufficient in¬ 
tereft to form a party in their favour. In a fliort time, 
however, Perdiccas prevailed againft Meleager, and got 
him murdered ; by which means the lupreme power for a 
time fell into his hands. His firft ftep, in confequence of 
this power, was to diltribute the provinces of the empire 
among the commanders in the following manner, in order 
to prevent competitors, and to fatisfy the ambition of the 
principal commanders of the army. Aridteus, and the 
ion of Roxana, born after the death of his father, were to 
enjoy the regal authority. Antipater had the government 
of the European provinces. Craterus had the title of 
proteElor. Perdiccas was general of the houfehold troops 
in the room of Hephseftion. Ptolemy the foil of Lagus 
had Egypt, Libya, and that part of Arabia which borders 
upon Egypt. Cleomenes, a man of infamous character, 
whom Alexander had made receiver-general in Egypt, 
became Ptolemy’s deputy. Leomedon had Syria ; Phi- 
lotas, Cilicia ; Python, Media; Eumenes, Cappadocia, 
Paphlagonia, and all the country bordering ontheEuxine 
fea, as far as Trapezus ; but thefe were not yet conquered, 
fo that he was a governor without a province. Antigonus 
had Pamphylia, Lycia, and Phrygia Major; Caffander, 
Caria ; Menander, Lydia ; Leonatus, Phrygia on the Hel- 
lefpont. 
In the mean time, not only Alexander’s will, but Alex¬ 
ander himfelf, was fo much negle&ed, that his body was 
allowed to remain feven days before any notice was taken 
of it, or any orders given for its being embalmed. The 
only will he left was a fhort memorandum of fix things 
he would have done.—i. The building of a fleet of 1000 
flout galleys, to be made ufe of againlt the Carthaginians 
and other nations who ffiould oppofe the reduction of the 
fea-coafts of Africa and Spain, with all the adjacent iflands 
as far as Sicily. 2. A large and regular highway to be 
made along the coaft of Africa, as far as Ceuta and Tan¬ 
gier. 3. Six temples of extraordinary magnificence to be 
erefted at the expenfe of 1500 talents each. 4. Caftles, 
arfenals, havens, and yards for building {flips, to be fet¬ 
tled in proper places throughout his empire. 5. Several 
new cities to be built in Europe and Afia ; thole in Afia 
to be inhabited by colonies from Europe, and thofe in 
Europe to be filled with Afiatics ; that, by blending their 
people and their manners, that hereditary antipathy might 
be eradicated which had hitherto fublifted between the 
inhabitants of the different continents. 6. Laftly, he had 
projected the building of a pyramid, equal in bulk and 
beauty to the biggeft in Egypt, in honour of his father 
Philip. All thefe defigns, under pretence of their being 
expenfive, were referred to a council of Macedonians, to 
be held nobody knew when or where. 
The government, being now in the hands of Perdiccas 
and Roxana, grew quickly very cruel and diftafteful. 
The queen lent for Statira and Drypetis the two daugh¬ 
ters of Darius, one of whom had been married to Alex¬ 
ander and the other to Hephacftion; and, as foon as they 
arrived at Babylon, flie caufed them both to be murdered, 
that no fon of Alexander by ally other woman, or of He- 
phadtion, might give any trouble to her or her fon Alex¬ 
ander. Sifygainbis, the mother of Darius, no fooner 
heard that Alexander the Great was dead, than file laid 
violent hands on herfelf, being apprehenfive of the cala¬ 
mities which were about to enfue. 
War was firff declared in Greece againft Antipater in 
the year 321 B.C. Through the treachery of the Thefla-- 
lians, that general was defeated, with the army be had 
under his own command. Leonatus was therefore fent 
from Afia, with a very confiderable army, to his affittance ; 
but both were overthrown with great lofs by the confede¬ 
rates, and Leonatus himfelf^vas killed. In a fhort time, 
however, Craterus arrived in Greece with a great army, 
the command of which he refigned to Antipater. The 
army of the confederates amounted to 25,000 foot and 
3000 horfe; but Antipater commanded no fewer than 
40,000 foot, 3000 archers, and 5000 horfe. In fuch an 
unequal conteft, therefore, the Greeks were defeated, and 
forced to fue for peace; which they did not obtain but on 
condition of their receiving Macedonian garrifons into 
feveral of their cities. At Athens alfo the democratic go¬ 
vernment was abrogated; and fuch a dreadful puniffiment 
did this feeni to the Athenians, that 22,000 of them left 
their country, and retired into Macedon. 
While thefe things were doing in Greece, difturbances 
began alfo to arife in Afia and in Thrace. The Greek 
mercenaries, who were difperfed through the inland pro¬ 
vinces of Afia, defpairing of ever being allowed to re¬ 
turn home by fair means, determined to attempt it by 
force. For this purpofe, they aflembled to the number 
of 20,000 foot and 3000 horfe ; but were all cut off to a 
man by the Macedonians. In Thrace, Lyfimachus was 
attacked by one Seuthes, a prince of that country who 
claimed the dominions of his anceftors, and had raifed an 
army of 20,000 foot and 8000 horfe. But, though the 
Macedonian commander was forced to engage this army 
with no more than 4000 foot and 2000 horle, yet he kept 
the field of battle, and could not be driven out of the 
country. Perdiccas, in the mean time, by pretending 
friendffiip to the royal family, had gained over Eumenes 
entirely to his intereft; and at laft put him in poffeffion of 
the province of Cappadocia by the defeat of Ariarathes 
king of that country, whom he afterwards cruelly caufed 
to be crucified. His ambition, however, now began to 
lead him into difficulties. At the firft divifion of the pro¬ 
vinces, Perdiccas, to ftrengthen his own authority, had 
propofed to marry Nictea the daughter of Antipater ; and 
fo well was this propofal relilhed, that her brethren Iolias 
and Archias conduced her to him, in order to be prefenc 
at the celebration of the nuptials. But Perdiccas now had 
other things in view. He had been folicited by Olympias 
to marry her daughter Cleopatra, the widow of Alexander 
king of Epirus, and who then refided at Sardis in Lydia. 
Eumenes promoted this match to theutmoft of his pow er, 
becaufe he thought it would be for the intereft of the royal 
family ; and his perfuafions had fuch an eft'eft on Perdic¬ 
cas, that he was fent to Sardis to compliment Cleopatra, 
and to carry prefents to her in name of her new lover. 
In the abl'ence of Eumenes, however, Alcetas, the brother 
of Perdiccas, perfuaded him to marry Nicasa; but, in or¬ 
der to gratify his ambition, he refolved to divorce her im¬ 
mediately after marriage, and marry Cleopatra. By this 
laft marriage, he hoped to have a pretence for altering the 
government of Macedon ; and, as a neceflary meafure pre¬ 
parative to thefe, he entered into contrivances for deftroy- 
ing Antigonus. Unfortunately for himfelf, however, he 
ruined all his fchemes by his own jealoufy and precipitate 
cruelty. Cynane, the daughter of Philip by his fecond 
wife, had brought her daughter named Adda, and who 
was afterwards named Eurydice, to court, in hopes that 
king Aridasus might marry her. Againft Cynane, PeF- 
diccas, from fome political motives, conceived fuch a ha¬ 
tred, that he caufed her to be murdered. This raifed a 
commotion in the army; which frightened Perdiccas to 
fuch a degree, that he now promoted the match between 
Aridaeus and Eurydice, to prevent which he had mur¬ 
dered the mother of the young princels. But, in the 
mean time, Antigonus, knowing the defigns of Perdiccas 
againft himfelf, fled with his Ion Demetrius to Greece, 
there to take flielter under the protection of Antipater and 
Craterus, whom he informed of the ambition and cruelty 
of the regent. 
A civil 
