M ACEDON. 
A civil war was now kindled. Antipater, Craterus, 
Neoprolemus, and Antigonus, were combined againft Per- 
diccas ; and it was the misfortune of the empire in gene¬ 
ral, that Eumenes, the raoft able general, as well as the 
moft virtuous of all the commanders, was on the fide of 
Perdiccas, becaufe he believed him to be in the intereft of 
Alexander’s family. Ptolemy, in the mean time, re¬ 
mained in quiet pofteffion of Egypt; but without the leaft 
intention of owning any perfon for his fuperior : however, 
he alfo acceded to the league formed againft Perdiccas; 
and thus the only perfon in the whole empire who con- 
iulted the intereft of the royal family was Eumenes. 
It was now' thought proper to bury the body of Alex¬ 
ander, which had been kept for two years, during all 
which time preparations had been making for it. Ari- 
daeus, to whofe care it was committed, fet out from Ba¬ 
bylon for Damafcus, in order to carry the king’s body to 
Egypt. This was fore againft the will of Perdiccas 5 for 
it feems there was a fuperltitious report, that wherever the 
body of Alexander was laid, that country Ihould flourifh 
moft. Perdiccas, therefore, out of regard to his native 
foil, would have conveyed it to the royal fepulchres in 
Macedon ; but Aridseus, pleading the late king’s exprefs 
direftion, was determined to carry it into Egypt, from 
thence to be conveyed to the temple of Jupiter Aminon. 
>»The funeral was accordingly conducted with all imagin¬ 
able magnificence. Ptolemy came to meet the body as far 
as Syria; but, inftead of burying it in the temple of Ju¬ 
piter Ammon, erected a ftately temple for it in the city of 
Alexandria; and, by the relpeft he flowed for his dead 
matter, induced many of the Macedonian veterans to 
join him, and who were afterwards of the greateft fervice 
to hint. 
No fooner was the funeral over, than both the parties 
above mentioned fell to blows. Perdiccas marched againft 
Ptolemy ; but was {lain by his own men, who, after the 
death of their general, fubmitted to his antagonift ; and 
thus Eumenes was left alone to contend againft all the 
other generals who had ferved under Alexander. In this 
conteft, however, he would by no means have been over¬ 
matched, had his foldiers been attached to him ; but, as 
they had been accuftomed to ferve under thofe very ge¬ 
nerals againft whom they were now to fight, they were on 
all occafions ready to betray and deleft Eumenes. How¬ 
ever, he defeated and killed Neoptolemus and Craterus ; 
but then found himfelf obliged to contend with Antipater 
and Antigonus. Antipater was now appointed protector 
of the kings, with fovereign power ; and Eumenes was 
declared a public enemy. A new divifion of Alexander’s 
empire took place. Egypt, Libya, and the parts adjacent, 
were given to Ptolemy, becaufe they could not be taken 
from him. Syria was confirmed to Leomedon. Philoxe- 
nus had Cilicia. Mesopotamia and Arbelitus were given 
to Amphimachus. Babylon was bellowed on Seleucus. 
Sufiana fell to Antigenes, who commanded the Macedo¬ 
nian Argyrafpida, or Silver Shields, becaufe he was the firft 
who oppofed Perdiccas. Peuceftes held Perfia. Tlepo- 
lemus had Caramania. Python had Media as far as the 
Cafpian ftraits. Stafander had Aria and DrangiajfePhilip, 
Parthia; Stafonor, Badtria and Sogdia; Sybirtius, Ara- 
copa; Oxyartes, the father of Roxana, Parapomifis. 
Another Python had the country between this province 
and India. Porus ar.d Taxiles held what Alexander had 
given them, becaufe they would not part with any of their 
dominions. Cappadocia was afligned to Nicanor. Phry¬ 
gia Major, Lycaonia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, jwere given 
to Antigonus; Caria to Caffander, Lydia to Clytus, Phry¬ 
gia the Lefs to Aridseus. Callander was appointed gene¬ 
ral of the horfe; while the command of the houfehold 
troops was given to Antigonus, with orders to profecute 
the war againft Eumenes. Antipater, having thus fettled 
every thing as well as he could, returned to Macedon with 
the two kings, to the great joy of his countrymen, having 
left his foil Caffander to be a check upon Antigonus in 
Alia. 
Vol. XIV. Mo. 95<j.« 
Antipater had not long been returned to Macedon, 
when he died ; and the laft action of his life completed 
the ruin of Alexander’s family. Out of a view to the 
public good, he had appointed Polyfperchon, the eldeft 
of Alexander’s captains at hand, to be prolecior, and go¬ 
vernor of Macedon. This failed not to difguft his Ion 
Callander, who thought he had a natural right to thefe 
offices, and of courfe kindled a new civil war in Macedon. 
This was indeed highly promoted by the firft actions of 
the protestor. He began with attempting to remove ai! 
the governors appointed in Greece by Antipater, and to 
reltore democracy wherever it had been abolilhed. The 
immediate confequence of this was, that the people re- 
fufed to obey their magiftrates ; the governors refufed to 
refign their places, and applied for afiiftance to Caffander. 
Polyfperchoil alfo had the imprudence to recal Olympias 
from Epirus, and allow her a (hare in the adminiftration ; 
which Antipater, and even Alexander himfelf, had al¬ 
ways refufed her. The confequence of all this was, that 
Caffander in vaded Greece, where he prevailed againft Po¬ 
lyfperchon : Olympias returned to Macedon, where Ihe 
cruelly murdered Aridteus and his wife Eurydice ; lhe 
herfelf was put to death by Caffander, who afterwards 
caufed Roxana and her fon to be murdered, and Polyfper¬ 
chon, being driven into Etolia, firft raifed to the crown 
Hercules the fon of Alexander by the daughter of Darius, 
and then by the inftigation of Caffander murdered him 5 
by which means the line of Alexander the Great became 
totally extin£l. 
Caffander, having thus deftroyed all the royal family, 
affumed the regal title, as he had for fixteen years before 
had cull the power. He enjoyed the title of king of Mace- 
don only three years; after which he died, about 298 B.C. 
By Theflalonica, the daughter of Philip king of Macedon, 
he left three fons, Philip, Antipater, and Alexander. 
Philip fucceeded him, but loon after died of a confump- 
tion. A conteft immediately began between the two bro¬ 
thers, Antipater and Alexander. Antipater feized the 
kingdom; and, to fecure himfelf in it, murdered his mo¬ 
ther Theflalonica, if not with his own hand, at leaft the 
execrable a£t was committed in his prefence. Alexander 
invited Pyrrhus king of Epirus, and Demetrius (furnamed 
Poliorcetes, or the Taker of Towns) the fon of Antigonus, 
to affift him and revenge the death of his mother. But, 
Pyrrhus being bought off, and a peace concluded between 
tire brothers, Demetrius, finding he was not wanted, re¬ 
turned as far as Lariffa, whither Alexander accompanied 
him; when at a banquet the Macedonian prince was bafely 
murdered by order of Demetrius, whofe only excufe was, 
that the other was meditating the fame ftroke againft him. 
Indeed, treachery does not feem to have been habitually 
a part of the ctiarafler of Demetrius. This action ftrangely 
terminated in the election of Demetrius to the throne by 
the Macedonians, who hated Antipater, thefurviving foil 
of Caffander, on account of the murder of his mother. It 
is to be obferved, that Phila, wife to Demetrius, was 
daughter of Caffander. He thus again became a powerful 
prince, and might have reigned in tranquillity, had not his 
reltlefs and enterprifing lpirit led him to new projects 
againft his neighbours. He made war upon the Boeotians, 
and took Thebes, which afterwards revolted, when he 
took it a fecond time. • He invaded Thrace, ravaged ..'‘Eto¬ 
lia, and engaged in war with Pyrrhus king or Epirus. 
The manners of this martial prince formed a contraft to 
his own, which was to his difad vantage; and the oriental 
Hate which heaffefted proved oftenlive to his Macedonian 
fubjefts. He was (as Plutarch remarks) quite a theatri¬ 
cal king, attempting to dazzle the eyes of beholders by the 
extraordinary fplendour of hisdrefs, and affuming an arti¬ 
ficial ftatelinefs of demeanour. He was difficult of accefs, 
and paid little attention to petitioners. Of this con¬ 
tempt he one day gave a very imprudent fpecimen ; for, 
having with apparent good temper received a number of 
petitions, which he put into the Ikirt of his robe, when, 
lie came to a bridge over the river he ffiook them ai! into 
K the 
