M A C E D © iJ. 
procured him a fword and a rope, that lie might put an 
end to fuch exquifits mifery ; but, like Napoleon Bona¬ 
parte in oyr days,.lie was content to live on. At length, 
the Roman fenate was fhamed into a better treatment of 
their captive; and he was fent to Alba (not Elba) with 
his foil Alexander, the other fon being dead. Dif¬ 
ferent accounts are given of the termination of his life, 
which fome afcribe to the cruelty of his keeper, others 
to natural difeafe. He never was able to efcape from 
his confinement, but died about two years after being 
led in triumph; and in him ended the kingdom of Ma- 
cedon, which had fubfifted 666 years from the time of 
Caranus the fil'd king. His fon Alexander was placed 
with a mechanic, a worker in wood, became ingenious 
in his occupation, and was finally promoted to be a clerk 
to the Roman fenate. 
Sixteen years after this, one Andrifcus, called by the 
Romans Pfeudo Philippus, (faid to have been a native of 
Adramyttium in the Troad, and defcended from parents 
of the lowed condition,) aflumed the character of a na¬ 
tural fon of Perfes, under the name of Philip VI. and the 
account he gave of himfelf was, that his father, doubt¬ 
ful of the event of his war againft the Romans, had fent 
him to Adramyttium to be brought up as a poor man’s fon, 
with a charge not to difclofe the fecret of his birth till 
lie fiiould be fourteen. With this dory, rendered more 
plaufible (it is faid) by a driking likenefs of Perfes, he 
went to the court of Demetrius Soter, who had married 
a daughter of that king. Demetrius, either convinced of 
liis impodure, or apprehenfive of the difpleafure of the 
Romans, delivered him up to the republic. At Rome he 
was committed to cudody ; but fo flightly guarded, that he 
made his efcape, and took refuge among the Thracians. 
The people of Macedon had now fufficiently experienced 
the Roman dominion to become difcontented with it; 
and little attention wa-s paid either to remedy their griev¬ 
ances, or to keep a force able to compel their fubmilfion. 
Andrifcus, therefore, who had made anintered inThrace, 
and colledted a number of perfons attached to his fortune, 
marched boldly into Macedon, and declared himfelf the 
rightful heir to the crown. H13 fuccefs was beyond his 
own expectation. He made himfelf mader ofall the coun¬ 
try with little oppofition, and began to carry his arms into 
the adjacent parts of Greece. The Romans, much fur- 
prifed at this revolution, fent Scipio Nafica to keep the 
Greeks deadfad to their intered, and prevent the evil from 
fpreading farther. Scipio, aided by a body of auxiliaries, 
checked the progrefs of Andrifcus, and drove him back 
into Macedon. The praetor Juventius Thalna was then 
difpatched with a confiderable army to put an end to the 
war. A contempt of his enemy led him to advance incau- 
tioufly into Macedon; when he was fuddenly attacked by 
Andrifcus, his army totally defeated, and himfelf flain, 
with Q. Ccelius, the fecond in command. By this fuccefs 
Andrifcus, or Philip, was confirmed on his throne, and 
began toafi’ume all the confequence of the undoubted fo- 
vereign of a powerful ftate. The Carthaginians, then 
about to be involved in the third Punic war, fent ambaf- 
fadors to congratulate him, and propofe an alliance. But 
the charafler of this man was not equal to the trial of prof- 
perity. He became a tyrant, and by aCts of opprefilon and 
cruelty loft the affections of his new fubjefts, though they 
Hill obeyed him through hopes of eftablifhing their inde¬ 
pendence. Meantime the Romans, roqjed to more ferious 
exertions, fent Q. Caecilius Metellus with a frefh army to 
Macedon. Andrifcus collected all his force, and valiantly 
contended for his crown and life. He gained the advantage 
over Metellus in an engagement of cavalry; but foon af¬ 
terwards was entirely defeated, and compelled again to re¬ 
tire into Thrace. The Thracians received him with great 
friendfliip, and fent him back with a numerous army; but, 
engaging rafhly with Metellus, he was again defeated, and 
his affairs quite ruined. Flying for refuge to Byzas, a 
petty prince of Thrace, he was by him delivered up to the 
Romans, Metellus led him in triumph (B.C, 147,) and 
’ Vvh* xrv. No. 9JS» 
37 
he was afterwards put to death by order of the fenate. 
The war he excited was deemed fo important, that the 
fuccefsful general obtained the title of Macedonian at its 
conclufion; and it feems to have been left in fome doubt 
whether he was an iinpoftor, or really the fon of a king. 
Macedon was now reduced to a Roman province; and To 
the Romans it continued fubjeft till the year 1357, when 
it was reduced by Bajazet the Turkifh fiultan ; and it has 
remained in the hands of the Turks ever fince. 
Although the Macedonians were always governed by 
kings, they preferved as great or even greater liberty than 
moft of the Grecian commonwealths; their monarchs al¬ 
ways ruling them according to the maxims of natural 
equity. This was the original conftitution ; and it may 
be faid, very much to thein honour, that it was not fub- 
verted but with the kingdom. Tn cafes where the punifti- 
ment was capital, the caufe was heard by the army or by 
the people ; and, till they condemned the party, the king 
did not pretend to put him to death. Alexander in many 
inftances adhered to this cuftom ; although a rigid regard 
to the conftitution of his country was not always the rul¬ 
ing principle in a Macedonian monarch, as we are informed 
by Polybius. The throne was hereditary; and continued 
in the race of Caranus, till the (laughter of Alexander’s fa¬ 
mily ; and in general the eldelt fon fucceeded. The an¬ 
cient kings of Macedon made no oftentatious difplay of 
regal dignity. Alexander the Great was the firft who 
wore a diadem and rich robes of ftate, which were tranf- 
ferred to hisfucceffors. The people wereloyal, and attached 
to their prince. With regard to marriage, the Macedonian 
kings were not very fcrupulous; as they had frequently.. 
feveral wives and a number of concubines. In the edu¬ 
cation of their children they were very exemplary ; their 
tons being placed under the tuition of the belt makers, 
who inculcated the love and practice of great and glorious 
a&ions; and their daughters were initiated in the practice 
of every virtue. In the conduct of their own affairs they 
were moderate and prudent, affecting no magnificent en¬ 
tertainments, condefcending to their lubjefts, and habitu¬ 
ated, to bufinefs. Their chief diverfion was hunting. 
Thefe princes were generally learned, or at leaft patrons 
of learned men. In the moft folemn afts of their admi- 
niftration, they maintained fuch a decorum as ra"ther en¬ 
deared them to than awed their fubjefts. They heard 
caufes in perfon, and fuffered thofe who pleaded before 
them to fpeak with the greateft freedom. After their, 
deaths, the Macedonian kings were interred in the royal 
fepulchre; but Alexander the Great muft be excepted, as 
he was buried in Egypt. 
The Macedonians, with refpefl to religion, followed the 
opinions embraced by the reft of the Greeks, worfhipping 
many gods, and indulging a great variety of ridiculous 
rites. Jupiter, Hercules, and Diana, were the objedts of 
their fpecial reverence. They were ftrift in their morals, 
and temperate in their ordinary mode of living; but mag¬ 
nificent and felf-indulgent in their feafts. At thefe feafts 
no women were admitted ; and it was an inviolable rule 
that nothing fhould be divulged that parted at their con¬ 
vivial meetings. They ufed their captives as concubines, 
but held itdilhonourable to marry them. In capital cafes, 
judgment was given by the voice of the army; in cafes of 
doubt, torture was allowed ; and their punifhments were 
various. Sometimes, but chiefly on extraordinary occa- 
fions, and in conformity to foreign cuftoms, the criminal 
was thruft through with darts, or crucified with his head 
downwards, or thrown chained into a river; however, the 
moft frequent punifhment, and that which feems to have 
been legal, was ftoning to death, in which the army, as 
they had been conlfituted judges, were executioners. 
The language of the Macedonians differed very much 
from the leveral dialefts of the Greek; infomuch that 
the natives of Greece, who ferved in Alexander’s army, 
were not able to underftand a difcourfe delivered in the 
Macedonian tongue. 
Their military difcipline deferves particular notice, as 
L it. 
