S 3 
M A C 
M A C 
it ferved to raife them from being a mean and obfcure peo¬ 
ple to be lords of Greece. At fir ft they were brave and 
■warlike, and by degrees they became invincible from the 
xinion of fuperior courage with military fkill. Their army 
confifted of their natural born fub'jefils, their allies, and 
mercenaries. The natives ferved at their own expenfe, and 
contented themfelves with the fpoil of their enemies. 
The allies were compofed of the refpeftive qxiotas of Thef- 
faly, Poeonia, and other dependent provinces, and of aux¬ 
iliary troops furnifhed by Greece. The mercenaries were 
foldiers of fortune, who ferved only for pay. The Thef- 
falians furnifhed horfe, and there were alio many troops 
of Macedonian cavalry ; the difeipline of which was fo 
ftridt, that if any of the private men loft their horfes, ei¬ 
ther by ficknefs or in adtion, their officers were obliged 
to furnifh others out of their own (tables. The infantry 
were compofed of three bodies, viz. the light-armed ; the 
peltafise, who were better armed j and the heavy-armed 
foldiers, of whom the phalanx was compofed. Thefe 
troops were adapted to all forts of enterprises. The hea¬ 
vy-armed foot were generally drawn up in the centre of 
the army, in a fquare body, called the phalanx, the nature 
of which has been already explained. As to the arms of 
the Macedonians, they were offenfive and defenfive. At 
firft their targeteers had only wooden bucklers, or fuch as 
were made of a kind of wicker ; but in procefs of time, 
they had them of leather and brafs. Their fwords, like 
thofe of other Greeks, were made both for pufhing and 
cutting ; and they alfo made ufe of daggers. Their fpears 
were both long and fhort; they had alfo breaft-plates made 
of linen quilted to a proper thicknefs, and a particular 
kind of military fhoe. When the army was in the field, 
the phalanx was drawn up generally in the centre. The 
horfe and light-armed troops in two lines on the right 
and left. Immediately before battle, the king or general 
xifually made an oration, of which the foldiers expreffied 
their approbation by clashing their arms; but, if it did 
not affefit them, they remained filent. When they charged, 
they exclaimed, Alala ! alala ! and, when they defired 
quarter, they held their fpears aloft in the air. All au¬ 
thors agree in reprefenting the liardinefs, frugality, and 
good order, of the Macedonian troops. Their camp was 
always fortified with a good ditch and entrenchment. 
Their tents were fmall, made of (kins; and, when folded 
up, they made ufe of them in paffing rivers. The king’s 
tent was pitched in the centre, and confifted of two rooms, 
one in which he flept, and the other in which he faw com¬ 
pany ; and before the door of it, his guards did duty. 
The military fignals of the Macedonians were either trum¬ 
pets or fires. On a march the cavalry and light-armed 
troops took poft in the van, the phalanx in the centre, 
and the baggage in the rear, unlefs they apprehended a 
Bidden engagement; in which cafe they marched in or¬ 
der of battle. Every foldier had a kind of knapfack, and 
the army was attended by a certain number of carts and 
waggons; but the Macedonians did not allow either wo¬ 
men or ufelefs fervantsto follow the camp. The plunder 
was fometimes diftributed among the foldiers, at other 
times collefted and fold for the ufe of the king, or for the 
army. In quarters, the army was preferved from corrup¬ 
tion, and its difeipline maintained, by military games, in 
which rewards, both honorary and lucrative, were be¬ 
llowed. After victories, the kings were accuftomed to 
reward all who diltinguilhed themfelves. Thofe who died 
in the fervice were honoured with public monuments, and 
their children and relations were freed from tribute. In 
all other refpefts, they were treated with the greateft hu¬ 
manity and condelcenfion ; and, when the time limited 
for their fervice expired, or their wounds rendered them 
incapable of ferving, they were difmifted, with ample pro- 
vifion for themfelves and families, that they might enjoy 
the fruits of their labour, and, by living in eafe and peace, 
excite younger and more robult men to come cheerfully 
in their room. 
We (hall conclude by re-capitulating the names of tho 
kings of Macedon from the eftablifnment of the kingdom 
to its difiolution. 
B.C. 814- 
786 
774 
729 
678 
640 
602 
576 
547 
497 
454 
4i3 
399 
39 8 
397 
39 3 
390 
37i 
370 
366 
360 
336 
3 2 3 
3x6 
298 
298 
297 
294 
287 
286 
280 
277 
2 43 
232 
221 
179 
l68 
J52 
Caranus. 
Casnus, 
Thu rim as. 
Perdiccas T. 
Argaeus I. 
Philip I. 
Asropas. 
Aleftus or Alcetas. 
Amyntas I. 
Alexander I. 
Perdiccas II. 
Archeiaus, faid to be the patron of learning, 
Amyntas II. 
Paufanias. 
Amyntas II. 
Argreus II. the Tyrant. 
Amyntas II. reftored. 
Alexander II. 
Ptolemy Alorites. 
Perdiccas III. 
Philip II. foil of Amyntas. 
Alexander III. called the Great, 
Philip III. Aridaeus. 
Callander. 
Philip IV. 
Antipater. 
Alexander IV. 
Demetrius Polioce-rtes, 
Pyrrhus. 
Lyfimachus. 
Ptolemy Ceraunus. 
Antigonus, called Gonatas. 
Demetrius II. 
Antigonus Dofon. 
Philip V. 
Perfeus. 
Perfeus defeated at the battle of Pydna, and 
taken prifoner by the Romans, which pro¬ 
perly finifhes the kingdom of Macedon. 
Andrifcus, pretending to be the fon of Perfeus, 
aflumed the crown of Macedon, but died in 
the year 148 B.C. 
MACEDO'NIA, in modern geography, a province of 
European Turkey, bounded on the north by Servia, on 
the eaft by Romania, on the fouth by Theflaly and the 
Archipelago, and on the weft by Albania. Its figure is 
irregular; its fituation advantageous; and the air clear, 
fharp, and falubrious. The foil is, in general, fertile; 
and the maritime coafts particularly abound with corn, 
wine, and oil. In the inland parts are feveral uninhabited 
waftes. It had formerly mines and plenty of timber. 
Its numerous fine bays render it convenient for trade. 
Its capital is Salonichi. See the preceding article. 
MACEDONIAN, adj . Belonging to Macedonia. 
MACEDONIAN,^ A native of Macedonia, 
MACEDONIAN KING'DOM, in ancient hiftory, 
one of the four kingdoms into which the empire of 
Alexander was divided after his death. This kingdom, 
when Perfeus was overcome by Aimilius, and carried in 
triumph to Rome, was reduced to the form of a Roman 
province. The other three, viz. the Aliatic, Syrian, and 
Egyptian, kingdoms, flouriflied for a confiderable time 
under their own kings; but were at laft compelled to re¬ 
ceive the Roman yoke. 
MACEDONIAN PAR'SLEY. See Bueon. 
MACEDONIANS, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, the fol¬ 
lowers of Macedonius, biftiop of Conftantinople, who, 
through the influence of the Eunomians, was depofed by 
the council of Conftantinople in 360, and fent into exile. 
He confidered the Holy Gholt as a divine energy diffufed 
throughout 
