TVT A f) 
Titation in a weak habit: and, at the very word jtnrt of 
the twenty-four hours, expofes himlelf to the window, 
after being heated perhaps by a crowded room, and a ft ill 
more crowded table of hot provifions. The other cere¬ 
monies are attended with no further inconvenience, than 
the length of time the attendance requires, and the un- 
wholefome air the patient mull breathe, from the great 
number of people in the fame place. Staunton's Einbajfy, 
vol. ii. Gent. Mag. for Sept. 1732. And thefe concluding 
directions to invalids going to Madeira are copied from 
an Account of the IJland of Madeira, by C. N. Pitta, M,D. 1812. 
MADE'IRA,/. A rich wine made at the ifland of Ma¬ 
deira.—T'other glafsof Madeira, and I durd have attacked 
them in my own proper perfon. Congreve. 
MADEI'RA, or Made'ra, a river which rifes in the 
government of Charcas, in Peru, near Cochabamba, in lat. 
18. S. fill called Conderillo. Some other fifiall rivers join¬ 
ing it, it changes its name to Parapite. Its courfe hitherto 
is fouth-ealt, till it enters a lake fuuated in lat. 19. 50. S. 
after which it takes a northerly direction, with tlie name 
of St. Miguel, and afterwards Sara-, about lat. 14. S. it is 
called Mamore-, and in lat. 10. S. leaves Peru, and enters 
Brazil, from which time it is called Madeira, till it emp¬ 
ties itfelf into the river of the Amazons, in lat. 3. 15. S. 
Ion. 60. 40. W. the whole courfe being about 1200 miles. 
MAD'ELA, a town of Afia, in Paleftine : 192 miles 
fouthead of Jerufilem. 
MADELAN', a town of Hindooftan, in the fubah of 
Agra : ten miles fouth-eaft of Kerowly. 
MA'DELEY, a town in Shropfhire, one hundred and 
forty-four miles from London, fifteen from Shrewfbifry, 
and eight from Bridgenorth, was formerly a large market- 
town, but was deftroyed by the civil wars, and the mar¬ 
ket difeontinued, until the Friday before Michaelmas-day, 
1763, when a private individual (Mr. John Edmunds) 
encouraged a few people to renew it, and advertifed it. 
The market is now become large ; but the lord of the ma¬ 
nor has removed it to the foot of the iron bridge, two 
miles from the original market-place. The old town has 
now only about one hundred dwelling-houfes in it; but 
Colebrook-dale and MadelCy-wood, which are in the parifh, 
are very large and populous, on acount of their iron-foun- 
deries, they being the largefl and rnoft curious of any in 
the kingdom, and are carried on under a company of the 
■people called Quakers, of which Richard Reynolds, efq. 
is the chief, he being lord of the manor, and owning the 
extenfive coal-works in the faid parifh. The famous iron 
bridge which erodes the river Severn from this parifh to 
Bethal, in one arch of one hundred feet within, was cafl 
at ColebrOok-dak, and ereCted in the years 1779 and 
.2780. See the article Bridge, vol. iii. p. 393. In 
driving a foot-road pit in this parifh in 1788, there 
gullied out a fpring of native tar from feveral holes, one 
of which was as thick as a man’s thigh, and feveral hogf- 
heads per day were caught for a longtime; but it is now 
almofl exhaufted. There is a navigable canal from Ket- 
tley iron-works, through feveral coal-works, and through 
this parifh, to the river Severn, about eight or nine miles. 
Brofeley is parted from Madeley by the river Severn on 
the fouth-weft; and is a very populous parifh, coals and 
Iron being its chief manufactories. The earl of Dundo- 
nald has upwards of fifty ftills for extracting mineral tar 
from the pit-coal. Here is alfo a manufacture of glazed 
tobacco-pipes. In 1711 a burning-fpring was difeovered 
here, the molt remarkable indeed of which any particular 
defeription remains upon record. The following account 
of this fpring was given by the Rev. Mr. Mafon, Wood- 
warden profeffor at Cambridge, dated February 18, 1746. 
“ The well for four or five feet deep is fix or feven feet 
wide; within that is another lefshole of like depth dug in 
the clay, in the bottom whereof is placed a cylindric earthen 
veflel, of about for or five inches diameter at the mouth, 
hiving the bottom taken off, and the fides well fixed in 
the clay rammed clofe about it. Within the pot is a brown 
v.ater, thick as puddle, continually forced up with a vio- 
Vol. XIV. No, 957, 
M A O' Of) 
lent motion beyond thafl’of boiling water, and a rumbling' 
hollow noife, rifing or falling by fits five or fix inches ; but 
there was no appearance of any vapour rifing, which per¬ 
haps might have been vifible, had not the fun fhone fo 
bright. Upon putting a candle down at the end of a (tick, 
at about a quarter of a yard didance, it took fire, darting 
and flafhingafter a very violent manner for about half ai , 
yard high, much in the manner of fpirits in a lamp, but with 
great agitation. It was faid, that a tea-kettle hacj been 
made to boil in about nine minutes time ; and that it had 
been left burning for forty-eight hours without any fenfi- 
ble diminution. It was extinguifhed by putting a wet 
mop upon it; which mult be kept there for a little time, 
otherwife it would not go out. Upon the removal of the 
mop there arifes a fulphureous finoke lading about a mi¬ 
nute; and yet the water is cold to the touch.” In 1755,’ 
this well totally difappeared by the finking of a coal-pic 
in its neighbourhood. The caufeof the inflammable pro¬ 
perty of fuch waters, is with great probability fuppofed to 
be their mixture, with petroleum, which is one of the moll 
inflammable fubdances in nature, and has the property 
of burning on the furface of water. 
Benthall, the next adjoining paridi wed, has two large 
earthenware manufactories.—The parifh ofDawley, which 
is fituated north of Madeley, has large coal and iron 
works.—Barrow, one mile ead of Brofeley, has a large 
porcelain manufactory, which is carried on under the name 
of the Shropfhire Porcelain Manufactory. 
M ADEMOISEL'LE.yi [French.) Madam; a title given 
to the daughters of gentlemen in France. 
MADENAL'LY, a town of Hindoodan, in the circar 
of Sollapour: thirty-fix miles north ofSollapour. 
MA'DER, a town of Perfia, in the province of Fa rdf- 
tan : twenty miles north of Edakar. 
MA'DERN, a village in Cornwall, under the hills, north 
of Penzance; near which is a well, formerly reforted to 
by pilgrims. 
MADER'NQ, a town of Italy, on the fouth-wed coad 
of Lake Garda : four miles north-ead of Salo. 
MADER'NO (Charles), an eminent architect, was born 
in 1556 at BifTona, in the diocefeof Como, in Lombardy. 
He went at a very early age to Rome, where his uncle, Do- 
minico Fontana, was then in full employ as an architect. 
At the death of Sixtus V. the magnificent catafalque 
for his interment was defigned and executed by Maderno. 
Under the three fucceeding fiiort-lived popedoms, the 
public works in Rome were fufpended ; but, when re¬ 
turned by Clement VIII. they were chiefly committed to 
this artid. Several cardinals and nobles alfo employed 
him for their palaces and other edifices ; and fo high was 
his reputation, that when, on the acceiiion of Paul V. in 
1605, it was refolved that the building of St. Peter’s fhould 
be brought to a termination, the plans of Maderno were 
preferred to thole of eight competitors, and the work was 
placed under his direction. Three branches of the Greek 
crofs, which was Michael Angelo’s original delign, were 
completed; and the fourth, with the portico, remained to 
be conflruCted. According to the pope’s orders, Maderno 
lengthened the fourth branch fo as to change the plan 
into a Latin crofs. His portico and weft front have been 
cenfured for want of magnificence ; and it is generally al¬ 
lowed that this vaft edifice, which was 108 years in build¬ 
ing, was not finifhed with the fame ability that it was be¬ 
gun. But it is, in faCt, often more difficult to bring to 
perfection the plan of another than to execute an original 
one. This architect was afterwards employed upon the 
pontifical palace on the Quirinal mount. He alfo raifed a 
fine fiuted column found in the ruins of the Temple of 
Peace, and placed it on a marble pedeltal in the fquare of 
St. Maria Maggiore. Befides his proper architectural em¬ 
ployment in building and decorating a number of churches 
and palaces, he was Cent by the pope on a commiffion to 
examine the ports of the ecclefiadical dates; and afterwards 
furveyed the lake of Perugia and circumjacent country, in 
order to divert the inundations of the river Chiana. Fie 
