MAD 
Provence, who either invented or excelled in this fpecies 
of compo(iti6u. If the origin is deduced from the Spa¬ 
niards, it may have taken its name from a town in Spain, 
called Madrigal. Others fuppofe that its firft applica¬ 
tion was to religious poems addrefled to the Virgin, alia 
Madre .] A paftoralfong ; any light airy fhort long.—Their 
tongue is light and trilling in comparifon of the Englifn ; 
more proper for fonnets, madrigals, and elegies, than he¬ 
roic poetry. Dryden. 
His artful drains have oft delay’d 
The huddling.brook to hear his madrigal. Milton. 
The madrigal contains a certain number of unequal 
verfes, not tied to the fcrupulous regularity of a fonnet, 
or 1 'ubtilty of an epigram. It confilts of one Angle rank 
of verfes, and in that dithers from a canzonet, which con¬ 
filts of feveral ftrophes. It is indeed looked upon as the 
fhorted of all kinds of poems, except the epigram : it 
may confid of fewer series than either the fonnet or the 
roundelay. There is no other rule regarded in mingling 
the rhymes and verfes of different kinds, but the lancy 
and convenience of the author. The term is alfo applied 
to a mufical compolition of three or more parts for diffe¬ 
rent voices, adapted to the words of fuch poems. 
MAD'RIGAL, a town of Spain,in Old Caftile: twenty - 
feven miles north of Avila. 
MAD'RIGAL, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, near 
Olmedo, on the Adaja : thirty miles fouth of Valladolid. 
MAD'RIGAL, a town of South America, in the coun¬ 
try of Popayan : i io miles fouth of Popayan. Lat, o. 45. N. 
MADRIGAL'IGO, a village of Spain, in the province 
of Eltremadura. At an inn in this place died Ferdinand 
king of Arragon, in the year 1515: twenty-two miles ealfc 
of Merida. 
MADRIGO'LO, a town of the duchy of Parma: fix 
miles weft of Parma. 
MADRIS'IO, a town of Italy, in the country of Friuli: 
thirty miles north of Venice, 
MADROGAN', or Bananatapa, a town of Africa, 
in the kingdom of Mocaranga, where the king has a pa¬ 
lace. Lat. 18. S. Ion. 39. 30. E. 
MADRO'V, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore: eigh¬ 
teen miles eaft-north-eaft of Seringapatam. 
MADRUSA'VA, a town of Japan, in the illand of Ni- 
phon : thirty fix miles fouth-ealt of Xenday. 
MADRUZ'ZO, a town of the Tyrolefe: ten miles 
north-eaft of Riva,.and four weft-fouth-vveft of Trent. 
MADS'JAS, a town of Arabia, in the province of 
Oman : ten miles fouth-eaft of Sohar. 
MAD'TEICH, or Wiesenteich, a lake of Silefia, in 
the principality of Sagan : two miles north of FreywaJd. 
MADU'E SEE, a large lake of Hinder Pomerania, great 
part of which was drained in 1770, and is now inhabited. 
MADUGAR', a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 
Jynagur : ten miles fouth of Jyepour. 
M ADUHAU'SEN, a town of the duchy of Wurzburg: 
fix miles north-eaft of Schweinfurt. 
MADU'RA, a kingdom or province of Hindooftan, 
about 180 miles in length, and eighty in breadth: the 
prince of this country was able at one time to bring 
20,000 foot and 5000 horfe into the field of battle, with 
500 elephants.* In 174.2 it was annexed to the dominions 
ot the nabob of Arcot. 
MADU'RA, a town of Hindooftan, and capital of a 
province of the fame name, fortified with Iquare towers 
and parapets, well furnilhed with cannon. This town 
was taken by the Britiih troops in the year 1757, or ra¬ 
ther purchaied for the fum of 170,000 rupees. The pa¬ 
goda of this place is one of the molt luperb in Hindooftan. 
It is eighty miles fouth-louth-weit ot Tanjore, 236 fouth-' 
fouth-welt of Madras, and 182 fouth-fouth-ealt of Serin- 
gapatam. Lat. 9. 50. N. Ion. 78. 11. E. 
MADU'RA, an illand in the Ealtern Indian Sea, fitu- 
ated to the north of the eaft end of the illand ot Java, 
about feventy-five miles in length, and from nine to fit. 
Vol. XIV. No. 958. 
MAE 
SI 
teen in breadth. It is divided into three provinces, two 
of which are under the Dutch, the other governed by a 
native king. It is exceedingly fertile, efpecially in rice, 
for which article it is one of the granaries of India. The 
capital of the illand is called by the fame name, and is 
fituated on the fouth coait. Lat. 6. 44. to 7. 15. S. Ion. 
112. 54- E. 
MAD'WOMAN,/. A woman deprived of reafon ; a 
wild furious woman. 
MAD'WORT. See Alyssum and Asperugo. 
MAD' WORT, German. See Asperugo. 
MAD'ZAR, a town of RulTia, in the government 
Caucafus : fifty-fix miles north-north-eall of Ekaterino- 
gi-ad. 
MAiAN'DER, in ancient geography, a celebrated river 
of Alia Minor, riling near Celaense, and flowing through 
Caria anff Ionia into the ASgean Sea, between Miletus 
and Priene, after it lias been increafed by the waters of 
the Mariyas, Lycus, Eudon, I.ethseus, See. It is cele¬ 
brated among the poets for its windings, which amount 
to no lefs than fix hundred, and from which all obliquities 
have received the name of Maanders. It forms in its 
courfe, according to the obf&rvations of fome travellers,, 
the Greek letters s £ | r Sc u, and from its windings Dte- 
dalus had the firft idea of his famous labyrinth. Ovid. 
Md , viii. 145, &c.—It lti -11 retains its name ; and may now 
be delcribed as a river of Turkey in Alia, riling north of 
the ancient city ot Apamea, and running in a winding 
ltream about 250 Britiih miles, and not far from its mouth 
is about 190 feet broad. It is called by the Turks Boone 
Minder, or Great Maeander, to dittinguilh it from another 
little ltream, which refembles it in its courfe. 
MZEAN'DRIA, in ancient geography, a city of Epirus. 
M/EA'TZE, in ancient geography, a general name, 
which comprehended the following five Britiih nations, 
viz. t,he Otodeni, Gadeni, Selgovae, Nevantae, and Dumnii, 
who poffefied the country between the walls of Severus 
and Antoninus Pius. This name, ufed by the Gre;,’: and 
Roman writers, was probably not unknown to the Britons 
themfelves ; and is fuppofed by fome to have been derived 
from two Britiih words, moi, a plain, and aide A, inhabi¬ 
tants ; and by others from maan, middle, and aitic/i, as 
being lituated in the middle, between the provincial and 
unconquered Britons. We have futficient evidence, that 
the Roman armies, under Julius Agricola and the em¬ 
peror Severus, penetrated a confiderable way into that part 
of Britain which lies to the north of the wall of Antoninus 
Pius, between the firths of Forth and Clyde. Tacitus 
gives a very diffindf account of the firft of thefe famous 1 
expeditions in Caledonia, and Dio Nicaeus of the lbcond. 
Many Roman coins have been found in feveral parts of 
that country, and there are ftill remaining in it Very dif- 
tinft vettiges of feveral Roman camps. But it is no lefs 
evident, that the Romans never formed any folid or per¬ 
manent eftablilhment beyond the wall of Antoninus, 
which was always confidered as the utmoft limit of the 
Roman empire in Britain. 
MZECE'NAS (Caius Cilnius), a celebrated minifter of 
ftate and patron of letters, was a Roman knight, who de¬ 
rived his origin from the ancient kings of Etruria. Of 
his education and early life nothing is known ; nor are 
we informed of the origin of that great intimacy between 
him and Auguftus which fo much diltinguilhed him. He 
appears to have been with hiru when he came to Rome to 
claim the inheritance of his great uncle Julius Casfar, and 
to have attended him afterwards through all his fortunes. 
He was prefent at the battle of Mutina, and alfo at that 
of Philippi ; and is laid to have difplayed both valour and 
military fldll. He, however, chiefly lerved his inalter in 
a civil capacity j and was one of the three intimates wiio 
were delegated by him to effect an accommodation with 
Antony, when that triumvir, arriving from Egypt, had 
laid liege to Brundulium. He afterwards was lent to 
Rome to prevent thofe difturbances which were likely to 
arile from the intelligence that the fleet of Osffuvianus had 
^ fulfered 
