90 M A G 
to Bologna, for the purpofe of relieving himfelf by under¬ 
going the operation of lithotomy ; but he Survived it a 
very fhort time, and died at the age of fixty-eight. 
Magatub publiflied at Venice, 1616, a work entitled 
“ De rara Medicatione Vulnerum, feu de Vulneribus raio 
tra-ftandisin which he (trenuoufly inculcates the rejec¬ 
tion of tents in the treatment of wounds, and recommends 
a dimple eafy method of drefling, without the irritation of 
frequently cleanfmg and rubbing oft' the tender granula¬ 
tions ; a practice which he fupported at great length by 
found and rational arguments, tinflured a littie, however, 
with Galenical theories. His work contains alfo a num¬ 
ber of valuable obfervations refpedting particular w ounds ; 
and it has an appendix, relating to gnn-(hot wounds, in 
which he refutes the notion of their being envenomed, or 
attended with cauterization. Sennertus publiflied a criti- 
ciftn on his work, containing a defence of the ufe of 
tents ; to which Magatus, now a monk, replied in the 
name of his brother John Baptift, (if that was not his own 
conventual name,) by publifhing a pamphlet, with the 
title of “Traftatus, quo rara Vulnerum deligatio defen- 
ditur contra Sennertum,” 1627 ; which is to be found in 
the Venice edition of the former work, publiflied in 1676. 
Eloy, Did. HiJ ?. de la Med. 
M AGAZl'NE,yi {inagazin, Fr. from the Arab, vtackfan, 
a treafure.] A place in which (lores are kept, of arms, am¬ 
munition, provifions, &c. Every fortified town ought to 
b.e furnifhed with a large magazine, which (hould contain 
ftores of all kinds, fufficientto enable the garrifon and in¬ 
habitants to hold out a long fiege ; and in which fmiths, 
carpenters, wheelwrights, &c. may be employed in mak¬ 
ing every thing belonging to the artillery ; as carriages, 
waggons, See. 
As to powder-magazines in particular, authors differ 
greatly both with regard to their fituation and conftruc- 
tion; but all agree that they ought to be arched and 
bomb-proof. In fortifications, they are frequently placed 
in the rampart; but of late they have been built in dif¬ 
ferent parts of the town. The firft powder-magazines 
were made wdth Gothic arches; but M. Vauban, finding 
them too weak, conftructed them in a fevnicircular form ; 
■wiiofe dimenfrons are fixty feet long within, and twenty- 
live broad 5 the foundations are eight or nine feet thick, 
and eight feet high from the foundation to the fpring of 
the arch ; the floor is two feet from the ground, which 
keeps it from dampnefs. 
If large magazines are required, the piers or fide-walls 
which fupport the arch (hould be ten feet thick, feventy- 
two feet long, and twenty-five feet high; the middle wall, 
which fupports the two imall arches of the ground-floor, 
eight feet high, and eighteen inches thick, and likewife 
the arches ; the thicknels of the great arch (hould be three 
feet fix inches; and the counterforts, as well as the air¬ 
holes, the fame aa before. Magazines of this kind (hould 
not be erefled in fortified towns, but in forne inland part 
of the country near the capital, where no enemy is ex- 
pefted. It has been obferved, that, after the centres of 
fernicircular arches are (truck, they fettle at the crown 
and rife up at the hances; now, as this (hrinking of the 
arches mult be attended with ill confequences, by break¬ 
ing the texture of the cement after it has been partly 
dried, and alfo by opening the joints of the vouffoirs at 
one end, Dr. Hutton, in hisTreatife on Bridges, has pro- 
pofed to remedy this inconvenience, with regard to bridges, 
by the arch of equilibration ; and, as the ill effedt is much 
greater in powder-magazines, he has alfo propofed to find 
an arch of equilibration for them alfo ; and to conftrudt 
it when the (pan is twenty feet, the pitch or height ten, 
which are the fame dimenfions as thofe of the femicircle, 
the inclined exterior walls, at top, forming an angle of 
m3 0 , and the height of their angular point above the top 
of the arch equal to feven feet; this„curious queftion was 
anfwered in 1775, by the Rev. Mr. Wildbore, and the 
folution of it may be found in Hutton’s Mifcellanca Ma- 
thematica. 
M A G 
The magazine, on (hip-board, is a clofe room or ftore- 
houfe, built in the fore or after part of the hold, to con¬ 
tain the gunpowder ufed in battle. This apartment is 
Itrongly fee u red again ft fire, and no perfon is allowed to 
ent6r it with a lamp or candle ; it is therefore lighted, fas 
occafion requires, by means of the candles or lamps in 
the light-room contiguous to it. ! 
Magazine is now alfo the eftabliftied name of certain 
milcellaneous periodical pamphlets, publiflied commonly 
once a-month ; of which the firft eftabliftied in England 
was the Gentleman’s Magazine, by Mr. Edward Cave, 
under the name of SylvAnus Urban. It began in January 
1731, and has been continued ever fince ; forming a (eries 
of 84 years, and of 116 volumes, a complete let of which 
it is now very difficult to obtain. This, however,.was not 
the earlieft periodical publication in monthly numbers, 
as one had appeared in the year 1681, under the title 
of “ The Monthly Recorder of all true Occurrences, both. 
Foreign and Domeltic.’* Soon after The Gentleman’s 
Magazine, a rival work, under the title of The London 
Magazine, was publfthed, but this was difeontinued in 
the year 1785. 
“ The invention of this new fpecies of publication,” 
obferves Dr. Kippis, in his memoir of Edward Cave, in 
the Biographia Britannica, “may be confidered as forne. 
thing of an epocha in the literary hiftory of the country. 
The periodical publications before that time (i. e. 1731) 
were almoft wholly confined to political tranfaftions and 
to foreign and domeltic occurrences; but the Magazines 
have opened a way for every kind of inquiry. The intel¬ 
ligence and difeuflion contained in them are very exten¬ 
sive and various; and they have been the means of diffuf- 
ing a general habit of reading through the nation ; which 
in a certain degree hath enlarged the public underftanding. 
Many young authors, who have rifeu to confiderable emi¬ 
nence in the literary world, have here made their firft at¬ 
tempts in compofition. If it were not an invidious ta(k, 
the hiftory of them would be no incurious or unentertain¬ 
ing fubjedt. Here, too, are preferved a multitude of cu¬ 
rious and ufeful hints,, obfervations, and fadls, which 
otherwife might have never appeared; or, if they had ap¬ 
peared in a more evanefeent form, would have incurred 
the danger of being loft.” The next oldelt publication 
of this kind is that entitled The Scots Magazine ; which 
was commenced at Edinburgh a few years after the ap¬ 
pearance of the Gentleman’s at London ; which, like it, 
has furvived many rivals ; and which Hill fubfifts. 
Under the article Journal, vol. xi. p. 2.73, 4, we no¬ 
ticed many publications which might have been’ included 
under the prefent head, particularly thofe works which 
have contained a critical analyfis of the publications of 
the learned. In the beginning of the laft century, two 
works in this line were fucceflively undertaken in this 
country. The firft was edited by the learned Mr. Wal’ie, 
in 1722, by the name of Bibliotheca Literaria ; but its exig¬ 
ence was confined to ten numbers. The fecond appeared 
under the title of Mifcellanea Objervationes, in 1731. Al¬ 
though it was fuperintended by Dr. Jortin, it received fo 
littie encouragement in England, that at the end of eigh¬ 
teen months it was removed to Holland, and tranflated 
and continued in the Latin language. Notwjthftanding 
the contributions of the learned on the continent, it cealed 
to be publilhed in its original feries in 1739. A few num¬ 
bers were afterwards added at a long and irregular inter¬ 
val from each other ; but the work was foon abandoned. 
After that -period, a new era arofe in claflical literature. 
The labours of Bentley, which had been either neglected 
or obltrudted by his contemporaries, became duly appre¬ 
ciated by a more enlightened age ; and his critical dilqui- 
iitions had given birth to thofe of Hemfterhuis, Ruhnkerr, 
Valckenaer, Villoifon, Brunck, Dawes, Markland, Toup, 
Tyrwhitt, and Porfon. By thefe great luminaries a flood 
ot light has been (hed on the claflical world, and critical 
knowledge hasaffuined a meridian brightnefs, which even 
tlie gloom of political diflenfions, or of revolutionary 
florins. 
