176 M A K 
Tlieologici, 1658, 4-to. 2. I. Maccovius redivivus, feu 
Manufcripta ejus ty pis exfcripta, 1659, 4to. 3. Opufcula 
Philofophica, 1660, 4to. 4. Metaphyfica, 1652, 8vo. 5. 
Diftinftiones et Regulas Theologicse ac Philofophicae, 
1652, 121T10. &c. Bayle. 
MAKOW', a town of Perfian Armenia: eighty-one 
miles fouth of Erivan. 
MAKOW', a town of the duchy of Warfaw : forty 
miles north-north-eaft of Warfaw. 
MA'KRAN. See Mecran. 
MA'KREN, a town of Arabia, in the province of 
Hedsjas, the refidence of a flieik. 
MAK'SCHOUS, a town of Arabia, in the province of 
Hedsjas, the refidence of a flieik. 
MAKSENOV'KA, an oflrog of Ruffia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Irkutfk, on the coalt of the Frozen Sea: 280 
miles north-north-weft of Zaflchiverfk. Lat. 72. N. Ion. 
134. 24. E,.j 
MAK'SCHID, a river of Perfia, which rifes in the 
north part of Mecran, and, joining the Nepend at Mend, 
there takes the name of Mend. 
MAKSI'MA (St ), a fmall ifland of Ruflia, in the Fro¬ 
zen Sea. Lat. 71.20. N. Ion. 133. 34. E. 
MAKSUDEG'HI, a town of Perfia, in Farfiftan : eight 
miles fouth of Komfha. 
MAK'SZYN, a town of Bulgaria. In April 1791, it 
was taken by the Ruffians : fifty miles weft-fouth-weft of 
Ifmael. 
MAK'LIN, a town of Beflarabia: thirty-four miles 
fouth-fouth-weft of Akerman. 
MAK'TESH, [Hebrew.] The name of a place. 
MA'KU, or St. Thaddeus, a town of Perfian Arme¬ 
nia, on the Akfiai: fixty miles fouth of Erivan. 
MAL. From the Latin adverb male derives the French 
adverb mal, ill, amifs. This adverb is much ufed in com- 
pofitioo by the French, as mal adroit, mal-aife, mal-aventure, 
mal-bati, mal-content, &c. At a time when our writers 
thought it a fymptorn of refinement to gallicize, were in¬ 
troduced the limilarly-formed Englifh words, mal adminis¬ 
tration, malcontent, malprablice, malverfation, &c. which are 
yet retained 5 and fnalapert, malengin, maltalent, malfeafance, 
Sic. which are obfoleicent. Adverbs do not naturally 
coalefce with fubftantives ; it is only with verbal fub- 
ltantives, where continued action is implied, that they 
can with propriety form junctions. Mal adminijlration, 
mal-praflice, mal-verfation , are of this kind. So is mal¬ 
feafance-, but, as feafance is already obfolete, the deriva¬ 
tive is following its fortunes ; we fhould now fay male¬ 
ficence. On the contrary, malcontent, malengin, maltalent, 
are fomewhat anomalous. The old participial adjeftive 
mal-contented, which lord Bacon employs, is more defen- 
fible than Addifon’s fubftantive, mal-content. Malapert is 
difufed ; becaufe its derivation, and confequently its pre- 
cifp and effential meaning, is uncertain. 
MA'LA, /. in anatomy, the cheek-bone; the cheek; 
the ball of the cheek. 
MA'LA, J. in botany. See Pyrus. 
MA'LA ARMENI'ACA. SeePRUNUS. 
MA'LA GOEN'SIA. See Averrhoa Carambola. 
MA'LA INSA'NA. See Solanum. 
MA'LA, a river of Peru, which runs into the Pacific 
Ocean in lat. 12. 40. S. 
MA'LA, or Dema'la, a town of European Turkey, 
in the Morea : forty-five miles fouth-eaft of Argos. 
MA'LA FORTU'NA, Evil Fortune, or Misfor¬ 
tune, wasagoddefs worfhipped among the Romans. Cic. 
de Nat. Deor. 
MAL'AAC, a town of Meckley : twelve miles fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Munnypour, and 230 north-ealt of Aracan. 
MALABAR', a name given to the weltern coalt of 
Flindooltan, from Cape Comorin to about 100 miles fouth 
of Goa. The appellation is laid to be derived from the 
Malabar word Malayalam, denoting mountainous ; the ter¬ 
minations ar, tar, and bar, lignitying, in that language, a 
M A K 
people or nation ; cOnfequently Malabar would denote as 
much as mountaineers, or inhabitants of the mountains. 
That tradl of country which is properly called the Ma¬ 
labar, lies nearly in the direction of north-weft and fouth- 
eaft from Cape Comorin to Canara, between the 18th and 
14th degrees of north latitude ; to the eaft it is divided 
from the coaft of Coromandel, by a high range of moun¬ 
tains, called the Ghauts; and to the fouth-welt it is w'alhed 
by the Arabian Sea. The principal kingdoms which-it 
comprehends are thofe of Travancore, Cochin, Cranga- 
nore, and Calicut; of which the firlt has become the prin¬ 
cipal and the molt powerful. The forts of Coylang, Cali 
Coylang, Cranganore, and Cananore, eftablifhed by the 
Portuguefe on that coaft, were conquered by the Dutcli 
in the years 1662 and 1663 ; and they long retained the 
poffeffion of all, except Cananore. The land is every¬ 
where low, interfered by many rivers, which defeend from 
the interior mountains; it abounds in plantations of trees, 
and more efpecially of the cocoa-nut tree ; and affords a 
very pleafant profpeCL The rivers render it extremely 
fertile, particularly in rice ; the fea furnifhes a copious 
fupply of fifh, and provifions are cheap. The feafons are 
diftinguifhed into the dry and rainy, called the bad and 
good monfoon ; the former being reckoned from October 
to April, and the latter comprehending the other months. 
This divifion is occafioned by the mountains of the Ghauts; 
for, upon the coaft of Coromandel, the reverie takes place 
with refpeft to the monfoons. 
The firft and principal article of trade produced upon 
the coaft of Malabar is pepper, which is very abundant, 
and reckoned the belt in Alia. The areca-nut is the fe- 
cond production of the country ; and this is conveyed by 
land to all parts of the peninlula, and likewile by fea, to 
the coaft of Coromandel, and to Bengal. A third produc¬ 
tion is the wild cinnamon, Calfia lignea, of which it is 
faid that a quantity of one million of pounds is yearly ex¬ 
ported to the Gulf of Perfia, and to the Red Sea ; and a 
fmall proportion is fent to Europe, where it is principally 
ufed to adulterate the genuine, or Ceylon, cinnamon. 
Coarfe cotton cloths are alfo made in the fouchern parts, 
in the Travancore country, which, without forming a con- 
fiderable objeft of trade, were moltly difpofed of to the 
Engiilh at Ansjengo. Capok forms alfo an article of trade, 
and is exported to Bengal, to the coaft of Coromandel, and 
to China. 
The native inhabitants of the country are inclined to 
be lean ; they are ufually of the fame lize and ftature as 
the Gentoos at Surat and in Bengal; but they are much 
blacker, nearly as black as the African negroes, though 
with better formed countenances. Their religion is that 
of the Hindoos, but many of them have been converted by 
milfionaries to the Roman-catholic perfuafion, and they 
have many Roman-catholic churches. Among the Ma- 
labars, the Nairs are the nobles and warriors of the land, 
who are diftinguifhed by the fey metar which they always 
wear, and who pofiefs many privileges above the common 
people. 
With refpeft to the rights of the people, and the ufur- 
pations of the native princes, we collect from Col. Wilks’s 
Hiftory of Myiur, that in the countries fouth of the Crifna, 
the fovereign collects the annual aUclfment through his 
own officers, diredfly from the cultivator, without the in¬ 
termediate agency of any clafs of men correfponding with 
the zemindars of the north. That this was the cale when 
the Inltitures of Menu were compofed, feems altogether 
indifputable. The petty principalities of ancient India 
did not exceed many modern zemindaries in extent. The 
property of the foil, therefore, mull be fought either in 
the fovereign, or in the occupant. Col. Wilks appears 
inclined to refer it univerfally to the latter ; although, 
where the exactions of the ftate became too opprellive, the 
proprietors preferred the dereli&ion of their claims to At¬ 
taining the weight of enormous taxation thus heaped upon 
them. “ We (hall accordingly find,” he obferves, “ that in 
the 
